Python车牌识别、车牌抓取源程序,运行程序前需先导入cv2和numpy包。
导入一张含有车牌的照片。
import cv2 as cvimport numpy as np# 找出最有可能是车牌的位置def getSatifyestBox(list_rate): for index, key in enumerate(list_rate): list_rate[index] = abs(key - 3) index = list_rate.index(min(list_rate)) # index函数作用是:若list_rate中存在index括号中的内容,则返回括号内字符串的索引值 return indexdef location(img): # 读取图片并统一尺寸 img_resize = cv.resize(img, (640, 480), ) # 高斯模糊+中值滤波 img_gaus = cv.GaussianBlur(img_resize, (5, 5), 0) # 高斯模糊 img_med = cv.medianBlur(img_gaus, 5) # 中值滤波 # HSV模型处理,直至二值化 # 转换为HSV模型 img_hsv = cv.cvtColor(img_med, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV) # hsv模型 lower_blue = np.array([100, 40, 50]) higher_blue = np.array([140, 255, 255]) mask = cv.inRange(img_hsv, lower_blue, higher_blue) # 掩膜操作 img_res = cv.bitwise_and(img_med, img_med, mask=mask) # 灰度化+二值化 img_gray_h = cv.cvtColor(img_res, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 转换了灰度化 ret1, img_thre_h = cv.threshold(img_gray_h, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY + cv.THRESH_OTSU) # 进行Sobel算子运算,直至二值化 img_gray_s = cv.cvtColor(img_med, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # sobel算子运算 img_sobel_x = cv.Sobel(img_gray_s, cv.CV_32F, 1, 0, ksize=3) # x轴Sobel运算 img_sobel_y = cv.Sobel(img_gray_s, cv.CV_32F, 0, 1, ksize=3) img_ab_y = np.uint8(np.absolute(img_sobel_y)) img_ab_x = np.uint8(np.absolute(img_sobel_x)) # 像素点取绝对值 img_ab = cv.addWeighted(img_ab_x, 0.5, img_ab_y, 0.5, 0) # 将两幅图像叠加在一起(按一定权值) # 考虑再加一次高斯去噪 img_gaus_1 = cv.GaussianBlur(img_ab, (5, 5), 0) # 高斯模糊 # 二值化操作 ret2, img_thre_s = cv.threshold(img_gaus_1, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY + cv.THRESH_OTSU) # 正二值化 # 颜色空间与边缘算子的图像互相筛选 # 同时遍历两幅二值图片,若两者均为255,则置255 img_1 = np.zeros(img_thre_h.shape, np.uint8) # 重新拷贝图片 height = img_resize.shape[0] # 行数 width = img_resize.shape[1] # 列数 for i in range(height): for j in range(width): h = img_thre_h[i][j] s = img_thre_s[i][j] if h == 255 and s == 255: img_1[i][j] = 255 else: img_1[i][j] = 0 # cv.imshow('threshold',img_1) # cv.waitKey(0) # 二值化后的图像进行闭操作 kernel = np.ones((14, 18), np.uint8) img_close = cv.morphologyEx(img_1, cv.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel) # 闭操作 img_med_2 = cv.medianBlur(img_close, 5) # cv.imshow('close',img_med_2) # cv.waitKey(0) # 查找轮廓 regions = [] # 区域 list_rate = [] img_input = img_med_2.copy() contours, hierarchy = cv.findContours(img_input, cv.RETR_TREE, cv.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE) # 筛选面积最小的 for contour in contours: # 计算该轮廓的面积 area = cv.contourArea(contour) # 面积小的都筛选掉 if area < 2000: continue # 轮廓近似,epsilon,是从轮廓到近似轮廓的最大距离。是一个准确率参数,好的epsilon的选择可以得到正确的输出。True决定曲线是否闭合。 epslion = 1e-3 * cv.arcLength(contour, True) approx = cv.approxPolyDP(contour, epslion, True) # 曲线折线化 # 找到最小的矩形,该矩形可能有方向 rect = cv.minAreaRect(contour) # box是四个点的坐标 box = cv.boxPoints(rect) box = np.int0(box) # 计算高和宽 height = abs(box[0][1] - box[2][1]) width = abs(box[0][0] - box[2][0]) # 车牌正常情况下长高比为2-5之间(精确一点可为(2.2,3.6)) ratio = float(width) / float(height) if ratio > 2 and ratio < 5: regions.append(box) list_rate.append(ratio) # 输出车牌的轮廓 print('[INF0]:Detect %d license plates' % len(regions)) # 输出疑似车牌图块的数量 index = getSatifyestBox(list_rate) region = regions[index] # 用绿线画出这些找到的轮廓 # 重新申请空间拷贝,因为drawcontours会改变原图片 img_2 = np.zeros(img_resize.shape, np.uint8) img_2 = img_resize.copy() cv.drawContours(img_2, [region], 0, (0, 255, 0), 2) # cv.imshow('result',img_2) # cv.waitKey(0) # 定位后需对车牌图像做后面的字符分割等处理,因此需要将车牌图块单独截取出来,截取轮廓 Xs = [i[0] for i in region] YS = [i[1] for i in region] x1 = min(Xs) x2 = max(Xs) y1 = min(YS) y2 = max(YS) height_1 = y2 - y1 width_1 = x2 - x1 img_crop = img_resize[y1:y1 + height_1, x1:x1 + width_1] # cv.imshow('resultcut',img_crop) # cv.waitKey(0) # 后面是自己的一些想法,希望能够对截取到的车牌图块再细致处理一下,使其仅保留车牌部分,但作用貌似也不大(苦笑) # 假设再进行一次HSV img_hsv_1 = cv.cvtColor(img_crop, cv.COLOR_BGR2HSV) # hsv模型 lower_blue_1 = np.array([100, 90, 90]) higher_blue_1 = np.array([140, 255, 255]) mask_1 = cv.inRange(img_hsv_1, lower_blue_1, higher_blue_1) # 掩膜操作 img_res_1 = cv.bitwise_and(img_crop, img_crop, mask=mask_1) # 灰度化+二值化 img_gray_1 = cv.cvtColor(img_res_1, cv.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) # 转换了灰度化 ret3, img_thre_1 = cv.threshold(img_gray_1, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY + cv.THRESH_OTSU) height_2 = img_thre_1.shape[0] # 获得行数 width_2 = img_thre_1.shape[1] # 获得列数 white_min = [] white_max = [] a = 0 b = 0 # 从每行开始遍历,记录每行第一个及最后一个白色像素点的列数 for i in range(height_2): for j in range(width_2): h = img_thre_1[i, j] if h == 255: a = j white_min.append(a) break a = min(white_min) for q in range(height_2 - 1, -1, -1): for w in range(width_2 - 1, -1, -1): ps = img_thre_1[q, w] if ps == 255: b = w white_max.append(b) break b = max(white_max) white_min1 = [] white_max1 = [] c = 0 d = 0 # 从每一列开始遍历,记录每一行第一个白色像素点及最后一个像素点的行数 for i in range(width_2): for j in range(height_2): h = img_thre_1[j, i] if h == 255: c = j white_max1.append(c) break c = min(white_max1) for q in range(width_2 - 1, -1, -1): for w in range(height_2 - 1, -1, -1): ps = img_thre_1[w, q] if ps == 255: d = w white_min1.append(d) break d = max(white_min1) img_cut = img_crop[c:d, a:b] # cv.imshow('final',img_cut) # cv.waitKey(0) return img_cutif __name__ == "__main__": img = cv.imread("chepai.png") # 输入自己的图片 #cv.imshow("plate", img) cv.waitKey(0) img_p = location(img) cv.imshow("plate", img_p) cv.waitKey(0)