php baseconvert,PHP base_convert函数的一个有趣现象

PHP 的 base_convert 函数能在任意进制之间转换数字，这是常识。那么请你不要实际运行，用常识判断一下，这句代码运行的结果：

echo base_convert('http://demon.tw', 16, 10);

如果你的答案是 222，那么恭喜你答对了，其实上面那句代码跟这句是一样的：

echo base_convert('de', 16, 10);

也就是说，base_convert 函数会忽略掉该进制以外的其他字符。下面通过 base_convert 函数的 C 源码来分析原因，base_convert 函数定义在 PHP 源码的 ext/standard/math.c 中：

/* {{{ proto string base_convert(string number, int frombase, int tobase)

Converts a number in a string from any base <= 36 to any base <= 36 */

PHP_FUNCTION(base_convert)

{

zval **number, **frombase, **tobase, temp;

char *result;

if (ZEND_NUM_ARGS() != 3 || zend_get_parameters_ex(3, &number, &frombase, &tobase) == FAILURE) {

WRONG_PARAM_COUNT;

}

convert_to_string_ex(number);

convert_to_long_ex(frombase);

convert_to_long_ex(tobase);

if (Z_LVAL_PP(frombase) < 2 || Z_LVAL_PP(frombase) > 36) {

php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Invalid `from base' (%ld)", Z_LVAL_PP(frombase));

RETURN_FALSE;

}

if (Z_LVAL_PP(tobase) < 2 || Z_LVAL_PP(tobase) > 36) {

php_error_docref(NULL TSRMLS_CC, E_WARNING, "Invalid `to base' (%ld)", Z_LVAL_PP(tobase));

RETURN_FALSE;

}

if(_php_math_basetozval(*number, Z_LVAL_PP(frombase), &temp) != SUCCESS) {

RETURN_FALSE;

}

result = _php_math_zvaltobase(&temp, Z_LVAL_PP(tobase) TSRMLS_CC);

RETVAL_STRING(result, 0);

}

前面几行都是解析和校验参数是否正确，关键代码是 _php_math_basetozval 和 _php_math_zvaltobase 函数，_php_math_basetozval 定义如下：

/* {{{ _php_math_basetozval */

/*

* Convert a string representation of a base(2-36) number to a zval.

*/

PHPAPI int _php_math_basetozval(zval *arg, int base, zval *ret)

{

long num = 0;

double fnum = 0;

int i;

int mode = 0;

char c, *s;

long cutoff;

int cutlim;

if (Z_TYPE_P(arg) != IS_STRING || base < 2 || base > 36) {

return FAILURE;

}

s = Z_STRVAL_P(arg);

cutoff = LONG_MAX / base;

cutlim = LONG_MAX % base;

for (i = Z_STRLEN_P(arg); i > 0; i--) {

c = *s++;

/* might not work for EBCDIC */

if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')

c -= '0';

else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')

c -= 'A' - 10;

else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')

c -= 'a' - 10;

else

continue;

if (c >= base)

continue;

switch (mode) {

case 0: /* Integer */

if (num < cutoff || (num == cutoff && c <= cutlim)) {

num = num * base + c;

break;

} else {

fnum = num;

mode = 1;

}

/* fall-through */

case 1: /* Float */

fnum = fnum * base + c;

}

}

if (mode == 1) {

ZVAL_DOUBLE(ret, fnum);

} else {

ZVAL_LONG(ret, num);

}

return SUCCESS;

}

/* }}} */

代码太长看起来很烦，关键是这一段：

for (i = Z_STRLEN_P(arg); i > 0; i--) {

c = *s++;

/* might not work for EBCDIC */

if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')

c -= '0';

else if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z')

c -= 'A' - 10;

else if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')

c -= 'a' - 10;

else

continue;

if (c >= base)

continue;

遍历字符串，碰到除了 [0-9a-zA-Z] 以外的字符只是用 continue 直接跳到下一次循环，所以其他字符并不影响进制的转换。而且当 c 大于 base 时也是直接跳到下一次循环，所以该进制以外的其他字母亦不会影响进制的转换。这是 base_convert 函数的一个 BUG 呢，还是设计者有意为之？