scrapy 伪装_Python scrapy 伪装代理和fake_userAgent的使用

scrapy 伪装代理和fake_userAgent的使用

伪装浏览器代理 在爬取网页是有些服务器对请求过滤的不是很高可以不用ip来伪装请求直接将自己的浏览器信息给伪装也是可以的。

第一中方法：

1.在setting.py文件中加入以下内容，这是一些浏览器的头信息

USER_AGENT_LIST = [‘zspider/0.9-dev http://feedback.redkolibri.com/‘,

‘Xaldon_WebSpider/2.0.b1‘,

‘Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)‘,

‘Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Speedy Spider; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.3; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.2; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.1; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (Entireweb; Beta/1.0; http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (Beta/1.0; www.entireweb.com)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedy_spider/)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com/about/search_tech/speedyspider/)‘,

‘Speedy Spider (http://www.entireweb.com)‘,

‘Sosospider+(+http://help.soso.com/webspider.htm)‘,

‘sogou spider‘,

‘Nusearch Spider (www.nusearch.com)‘,

‘nuSearch Spider (compatible; MSIE 4.01; Windows NT)‘,

‘lmspider ([email protected])‘,

‘lmspider [email protected]‘,

‘ldspider (http://code.google.com/p/ldspider/wiki/Robots)‘,

‘iaskspider/2.0(+http://iask.com/help/help_index.html)‘,

‘iaskspider‘,

‘hl_ftien_spider_v1.1‘,

‘hl_ftien_spider‘,

‘FyberSpider (+http://www.fybersearch.com/fyberspider.php)‘,

‘FyberSpider‘,

‘everyfeed-spider/2.0 (http://www.everyfeed.com)‘,

‘envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 (+http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)‘,

‘envolk[ITS]spider/1.6 ( http://www.envolk.com/envolkspider.html)‘,

‘Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider_jp.html)‘,

‘Baiduspider+(+http://www.baidu.com/search/spider.htm)‘,

‘BaiDuSpider‘,

‘Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 7.0; Windows NT 6.0) AddSugarSpiderBot www.idealobserver.com‘,

]

2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个HeaderMidWare.py文件 内容为

# encoding: utf-8

from scrapy.utils.project import get_project_settings

import random

settings = get_project_settings()

class ProcessHeaderMidware():

"""process request add request info"""

def process_request(self, request, spider):

"""

随机从列表中获得header， 并传给user_agent进行使用

"""

ua = random.choice(settings.get(‘USER_AGENT_LIST‘))

spider.logger.info(msg=‘now entring download midware‘)

if ua:

request.headers[‘User-Agent‘] = ua

# Add desired logging message here.

spider.logger.info(u‘User-Agent is : {} {}‘.format(request.headers.get(‘User-Agent‘), request))

pass

3.在setting.py文件中添加

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

‘projectName.MidWare.HeaderMidWare.ProcessHeaderMidware‘: 543,

}

第二种方法：fake_userAgent的使用

fake_userAgent是github上的开源项目

1.安装fake_userAgent

pip install fake-useragent

2.在spider同级目录下建立一个MidWare文件价里面写一个user_agent_middlewares.py文件内容为

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from fake_useragent import UserAgent

class RandomUserAgentMiddlware(object):

#随机跟换user-agent

def __init__(self,crawler):

super(RandomUserAgentMiddlware,self).__init__()

self.ua = UserAgent()

self.ua_type = crawler.settings.get(‘RANDOM_UA_TYPE‘,‘random‘)#从setting文件中读取RANDOM_UA_TYPE值

@classmethod

def from_crawler(cls,crawler):

return cls(crawler)

def process_request(self,request,spider): ###系统电泳函数

def get_ua():

return getattr(self.ua,self.ua_type)

# user_agent_random=get_ua()

request.headers.setdefault(‘User_Agent‘,get_ua())

pass

3.在setting.py中添加

RANDOM_UA_TYPE = ‘random‘##random chrome

DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {

‘projectName.MidWare.user_agent_middlewares.RandomUserAgentMiddlware‘: 543,

‘scrapy.downloadermiddlewares.useragent.UserAgentMiddleware‘:None,

}

fake_userAgent伪装代理就配置好了，与第一种方法相比不用写一大串的浏览器头，那些浏览器头会在https://fake-useragent.herokuapp.com/browsers/0.1.7 中得到。

在第一次启用fake_userAgent的时候会有一些错，我认为是项目请求网络时需要缓存一些内容而导致的。