mysql8 支持正则吗_MySQL全面瓦解8:查询的正则匹配

从字符串首部分进行匹配,这边匹配s开头的,匹配符合返回1,不符合返回0。应用到表中,既符合返回匹配到的数据。

1 mysql> select 'selina' REGEXP '^s';2 +----------------------+

3 | 'selina' REGEXP '^s' |

4 +----------------------+

5 | 1 |

6 +----------------------+

7 1 row in set

8

9 mysql> select 'aelina' REGEXP '^s';10 +----------------------+

11 | 'aelina' REGEXP '^s' |

12 +----------------------+

13 | 0 |

14 +----------------------+

15 1 row in set

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

11 5 rows in set

12

13 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP '^s';14 +----+--------+-----+---------+-----+

15 | id | name | age | address | sex |

16 +----+--------+-----+---------+-----+

17 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

18 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

19 +----+--------+-----+---------+-----+

20 2 rows in set

匹配模式$

从字符串尾部进行匹配,这边匹配名称以d结尾的数据。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

11 5 rows in set

12

13 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'd$';14 +----+-------+-----+---------+-----+

15 | id | name | age | address | sex |

16 +----+-------+-----+---------+-----+

17 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

18 +----+-------+-----+---------+-----+

19 1 row in set

匹配模式.

. 是匹配任意单个字符,下面脚本匹配 n并且后面带一个任意字符的条件

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

11 5 rows in set

12

13 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'n.';14 +----+--------+-----+---------+-----+

15 | id | name | age | address | sex |

16 +----+--------+-----+---------+-----+

17 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

18 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

19 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

20 +----+--------+-----+---------+-----+

21 3 rows in set

匹配模式[...]

指匹配括号内的任意单个字符,只要有一个字符符合条件即可。下面例子能匹配到b、w、z的 只有brand、weng 两个名称。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

11 5 rows in set

12

13 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP [bwz];14 1064 - You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '[bwz]' at line 1

15 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP '[bwz]';16 +----+-------+-----+---------+-----+

17 | id | name | age | address | sex |

18 +----+-------+-----+---------+-----+

19 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

20 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

21 +----+-------+-----+---------+-----+

22 2 rows in set

匹配模式[^...]

[^...]取反的意思,指匹配未包含的任意字符。例如, '[^brand]' 可以匹配 "helen" 中的'h',"sol" 的 "s","weng" 的 "w","selina" 的 "s",但无法匹配"brand",所以被过滤了。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

11 5 rows in set

12

13 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP '[^brand]';14 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

15 | id | name | age | address | sex |

16 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

17 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

18 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

19 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

20 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

21 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

22 4 rows in set

匹配模式[n-m]

匹配m到n之间的任意单个字符,例如[0-9],[a-z],[A-Z],下方代码中,任何元素不在a - e之间的"sol" 被过滤了。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

11 5 rows in set

12

13 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP '[a-e]';14 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

15 | id | name | age | address | sex |

16 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

17 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

18 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

19 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

20 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

21 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

22 4 rows in set

匹配模式 *

匹配前面的子表达式零次或多次。例如,a* 能匹配 "a" 以及 "ab"。* 等价于{0,}。 下面的 "e*g" 可以匹配的只有 "weng" 这个名称。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

11 5 rows in set

12

13 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'e*g';14 +----+------+-----+---------+-----+

15 | id | name | age | address | sex |

16 +----+------+-----+---------+-----+

17 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

18 +----+------+-----+---------+-----+

19 1 row in set

匹配模式 +

匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。例如,'a+' 能匹配 "ab" 以及 "abc",但不能匹配 "a"。+ 等价于 {1,}。如下方的脚本,符合条件的是1到多个的n加上一个d的组合,只有 "brand" 和 "annd" 符合。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

11 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

12 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

13 7 rows in set

14

15 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'n+d';16 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

17 | id | name | age | address | sex |

18 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

19 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

20 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

21 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

22 2 rows in set

匹配模式 ?

匹配前面的子表达式一次或多次。例如,'a?' 能匹配 "ab" 以及 "a"。? 等价于 {0,1}。e为1个或者0个,后面再用 l 限制,所以符合的只有三个。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

11 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

12 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

13 7 rows in set

14

15 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'e?l';16 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

17 | id | name | age | address | sex |

18 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

19 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

20 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

21 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

22 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

23 3 rows in set

匹配模式 a1| a2|a3

匹配 a1 或 a2 或 a3。例如下方,'nn|en' 能分别匹配到 "anny" 、"annd" 和 "helen"、"weng"。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

11 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

12 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

13 7 rows in set

14

15 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'nn|en';16 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

17 | id | name | age | address | sex |

18 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

19 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

20 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

21 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

22 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

23 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

24 4 rows in set

匹配模式 {n} {n,} {n,m} {,m}

n 和 m 均为非负整数,其中n <= m。最少匹配 n 次且最多匹配 m 次。m为空代表>=n的任意数,n为空代表0。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

11 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

12 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

13 7 rows in set

14

15 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'n{2}';16 +----+------+-----+----------+-----+

17 | id | name | age | address | sex |

18 +----+------+-----+----------+-----+

19 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

20 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

21 +----+------+-----+----------+-----+

22 2 rows in set

23

24 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'n{1,2}';25 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

26 | id | name | age | address | sex |

27 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

28 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

29 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

30 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

31 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

32 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

33 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

34 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

35 6 rows in set

36

37 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP 'l{1,}';38 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

39 | id | name | age | address | sex |

40 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

41 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

42 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

43 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

44 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

45 3 rows in set

匹配模式(...)

假设括号内容为abc,则是将abc作为一个整体去匹配,符合这个规则的数据被过滤出来。下面以an为例子,配合上面学过的知识。

1 mysql> select * fromuser2;2 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

3 | id | name | age | address | sex |

4 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

5 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

6 | 2 | helen | 20 | quanzhou | 0 |

7 | 3 | sol | 21 | xiamen | 0 |

8 | 4 | weng | 33 | guizhou | 1 |

9 | 5 | selina | 25 | NULL | 0 |

10 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

11 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

12 +----+--------+-----+----------+-----+

13 7 rows in set

14

15 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP '(an)+';16 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

17 | id | name | age | address | sex |

18 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

19 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

20 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

21 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

22 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

23 3 rows in set

24

25 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP '(ann)+';26 +----+------+-----+----------+-----+

27 | id | name | age | address | sex |

28 +----+------+-----+----------+-----+

29 | 6 | anny | 23 | shanghai | 0 |

30 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

31 +----+------+-----+----------+-----+

32 2 rows in set

33

34 mysql> select * from user2 where name REGEXP '(an).*d{1,2}';35 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

36 | id | name | age | address | sex |

37 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

38 | 1 | brand | 21 | fuzhou | 1 |

39 | 7 | annd | 24 | shanghai | 1 |

40 +----+-------+-----+----------+-----+

41 2 rows in set

匹配特殊字符 \\

正则表达式语言由具有特定含义的特殊字符构成。我们已经看到.、 []、|、*、+等, 那我们是怎么匹配这些字符的。如下示例,我们使用 \\ 来匹配特殊字符,\\为前导, \\-表示查找-, \\.表示查找.。

1 mysql> select * fromuser3;2 +----+------+-------+

3 | id | age | name |

4 +----+------+-------+

5 | 1 | 20 | brand |

6 | 2 | 22 | sol |

7 | 3 | 20 | helen |

8 | 4 | 19.5 | diny |

9 +----+------+-------+

10 4 rows in set

11

12 mysql> select * from user3 where age REGEXP '[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+';13 +----+------+------+

14 | id | age | name |

15 +----+------+------+

16 | 4 | 19.5 | diny |

17 +----+------+------+

18 1 row in set

总结

1.当我们需要用正则匹配数据的时候,可以使用REGEXP和NOT REGEXP操作符(类似LIKE和NOT LIKE);

2.REGEXP默认不区分大小写,可以使用BINARY关键词强制区分大小写; WHERE NAME REGEXP BINARY ‘^[A-Z]’;

3.REGEXP默认是部分匹配原则,即有一个匹配上则返回真。例如:SELECT  'A123' REGEXP BINARY '[A-Z]',返回的是1;

4、如果使用 () 进行匹配,则是将括号内部的内容当作整体去匹配,比如 (ABC),则需要匹配整个ABC。

5、这边只是看介绍了正则的基础知识,想要更为透彻的了解可以参考 正则教程 ,我觉得写的不错。

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