mysql5.7安装及配置_MySQL5.7安装与配置

Windows

1.：到MySQL官网下载压缩版本，下载后文件为mysql-5.7.20-winx64.zip，解压到D:\develop\mysql-5.7.20-winx64；

2.：在系统变量Path末尾添上D:\develop\mysql-5.7.20-winx64\bin；

3：复制D:\develop\mysql-5.7.20-winx64目录下my-default.ini(5.7.18以后发布包中没有这文件)，改名为my.ini，my-default.ini内容如下：

# For advice on how to change settings please see

# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the

# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you

# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data

# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.

# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging

# changes to the binary log between backups.

# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.

# basedir = .....

# datadir = .....

# port = .....

# server_id = .....

# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.

# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.

# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.

# join_buffer_size = 128M

# sort_buffer_size = 2M

# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

4.：修改my.ini，在[mysqld]下加入以下内容：

basedir =D:/develop/mysql-5.7.20-winx64

datadir = D:/develop/mysql-5.7.20-winx64/data

port = 3306

character-set-server=utf8mb4

collation-server=utf8mb4_bin

max_connections=1500

skip-name-resolve

5.：以管理员身份启动命令行工具。

cd D:\develop\mysql-5.7.20-winx64\bin

mysqld --install xx 将MySQL安装成windows的服务，xx是服务名，可以不指定

mysqld --initialize 初始化数据库文件(为root生成随机密码，密码保存在datadir/计算机名.err文件)或者mysqld --initialize-insecure初始化(不会为root生成密码)。此时只允许root用户在localhost登录MySQL。

mysqld --remove xx 卸载服务xx

6：执行net start xx 启动服务，net stop xx停止服务。

7：执行 mysql -u root -p登录，如果root用户使用随机密码登录的，那么在修改密码前输入sql语句比如use mysql就会出现错误：ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement。此时可以使用 SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456') 修改密码后再操作。

CentOS7

1：到MySQL官网选择RHEL版本，下载 RPM Bundle文件，下载后文件名为 mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar。

2：tar xvf mysql-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar，解压文件到当前目录，这个文件包含了以下rpm文件，不需要全部安装。

3：在不清楚需要安装哪些rpm的情况下，先尝试安装server，系统会提示需要的依赖，最好用root用户，否则安装过程容易出现权限问题。su - root。

yum install mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

此时会提示和mariadb-libs-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64冲突，卸载它。

yum remove mariadb-libs-1:5.5.52-1.el7.x86_64

yum install mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

此时会提示需要安装mysql-community-client(x86-64)，安装它。

yum install mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

此时会提示需要安装mysql-community-libs(x86-64)，安装它。

yum install mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

此时会提示需要安装mysql-community-common(x86-64)，安装它。

yum install mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

这步一般是成功了，然后安装刚刚没安装好的rpm包。

总结下，一般按如下顺序安装即可：

yum install mysql-community-common-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum install mysql-community-libs-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum install mysql-community-client-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

yum install mysql-community-server-5.7.20-1.el7.x86_64.rpm

4：安装好后，就可以启动MySQL了，systemctl start mysqld。systemctl status mysqld可以查看运行状态，systemclt enable mysqld设置为开机启动。系统会创建mysql用户组和mysql用户来管理MySQL服务。

MySQL配置文件位于/etc/my.cnf，打开它。修改my.cnf，在[mysqld]下加入以下内容：

port = 3306

character-set-server=utf8mb4

collation-server=utf8mb4_bin

max_connections=1500

skip-name-resolve

默认配置文件中datadir=/var/lib/mysql是MySQL存储数据和日志的目录，log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log是MySQL的错误日志，在首次启动MySQL后，会随机生成root用户的密码并写入到里面，打开这个错误日志，找到下面这行，A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: Iz*0A1W1BouJ。Iz*0A1W1BouJ就是初始密码了。此时只允许root用户在localhost登录MySQL。

执行 mysql -u root -p登录，如果root用户使用随机密码登录的，那么在修改密码前输入sql语句比如use mysql就会出现错误：ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement。此时可以使用 SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('12345678') 修改密码后再操作。如果提示Your password does not satisfy the current policy requirements，是因为密码不够安全，执行set global validate_password_policy=0，再执行SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('12345678') 。