oracle unable to open file,ORA-27041: unable to open file--恢复被rm意外删除数据文件

当数据库中的某个数据文件被误删除之后，DBA可以选择使用已有的备份进行还原与恢复，下文为DBA提供了另一种选择，已经通过测试环境进行了相关测试，该方法是个不错的选择。

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一.模拟数据文件删除

[oracle@node1 ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Sat Dec 31 22:00:52 2011

Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

--数据库版本

Connected to:

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production

With the Partitioning, Oracle Label Security, OLAP, Data Mining,

Oracle Database Vault and Real Application Testing options

--所有数据文件

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf

/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf

/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf

/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf

/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

--删除example01.dbf数据文件

SQL> !rm /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

SQL> !ls -l /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

ls: /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf: 没有那个文件或目录

--因为数据文件被删除，创建表失败

SQL> create table t_xifenfei tablespace example

2  as select * from dba_tables;

as select * from dba_tables

*

ERROR at line 2:

ORA-01116: error in opening database file 5

ORA-01110: data file 5: '/opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf'

ORA-27041: unable to open file

Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory

Additional information: 3

二.找回数据文件

--查找dbw进程spid

[oracle@node1 ~]$ ps -ef|grep dbw|grep -v grep

oracle   18387     1  0 Dec22 ?        00:00:12 ora_dbw0_ora11g

--查看该进程所有文件句柄

[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll /proc/18387/fd

总计 0

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 0 -> /dev/null

l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 1 -> /dev/null

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 10 -> /dev/zero

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 11 -> /dev/zero

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 12 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msb

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 13 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 14 -> /proc/18387/fd

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 15 -> /dev/zero

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 16 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 17 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 18 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/lkORA11G

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 19 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/orazhs.msb

l-wx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 2 -> /dev/null

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 20 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/rdbms/mesg/oraus.msb

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 21 -> socket:[441562]

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 256 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/control01.ctl

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 257 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/system01.dbf

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 258 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/sysaux01.dbf

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 259 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/undotbs01.dbf

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 260 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/users01.dbf

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 261 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf (deleted)

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 262 -> /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/temp01.dbf

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 3 -> /dev/null

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 4 -> /dev/null

lrwx------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 5 -> /opt/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/hc_ora11g.dat

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 6 -> /dev/null

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 7 -> /dev/null

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 8 -> /dev/null

lr-x------ 1 oracle oinstall 64 12-31 22:03 9 -> /dev/null

--通过句柄恢复数据文件[被删除数据文件会被标示(deleted)]

[oracle@node1 ~]$ cp /proc/18387/fd/261 /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

--确认该数据文件已经恢复成功

[oracle@node1 ~]$ ll /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 362422272 12-31 22:05 /opt/oracle/oradata/ora11g/example01.dbf

三.数据文件online

SQL> alter database datafile 5 offline;

Database altered.

SQL> recover datafile 5;

Media recovery complete.

SQL> alter database datafile 5 online;

Database altered.

SQL> create table t_xifenfei tablespace example

2  as select * from dba_tables;

Table created.

四.补充说明

在意外使用os命令删除掉数据文件时，千万不要慌张重启数据库或者操作系统，可以通过dbwn进程相关句柄找回数据文件

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