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About Mongo
MongoDB uses memory mapped files.
This means the the operating system essentially controls what is paged in and out of memory (to and from disk).
The Rules
If your indexes + working set exceed memory, the last recently used pages (sections of memory) will be flushed to disk. This leaves only the most recently used data which still fits in memory readily available.
Your operating system controls this.
While you will experience awful performance if your true working set and indexes do not fit into memory, in practice, the size of one's working set (hot data) is much smaller than their total dataset.
If you don't violate this rule, you should have excellent performance most of the time even though your indexes + total data may exceed the total available memory.
How It Works
If a query is performed that needs data th