linux实现字符火焰动画,linux flamegraph火焰图使用

perf可以忽略语言或者一些开发框架，从os的角度看到进程的cpu时间都耗费在哪些调用栈上。

perf与火焰图搭配使用，提供一个比较友好的交互方式，来观察调用栈的耗时

验证环境是ubuntu环境

安装

安装perf

$ sudo apt install linux-tools-common

# 装完使用perf的时候，提示还需要安装其它包

$ sudo apt install linux-tools-4.15.0-91-generic linux-cloud-tools-4.15.0-91-generic

装完之后就可以使用perf命令了。

常用的命令：是 perf record命令，help一下，可以发现

$ perf record -h

Usage: perf record [] []

or: perf record [] -- []

-a, --all-cpus system-wide collection from all CPUs

-b, --branch-any sample any taken branches

-B, --no-buildid do not collect buildids in perf.data

-c, --count event period to sample

-C, --cpu list of cpus to monitor

-d, --data Record the sample addresses

-D, --delay ms to wait before starting measurement after program s

-e, --event event selector. use 'perf list' to list available even

-F, --freq profile at this frequency

-g enables call-graph recording

-G, --cgroup monitor event in cgroup name only

-I, --intr-regs[=]

sample selected machine registers on interrupt, use -I

-i, --no-inherit child tasks do not inherit counters

-j, --branch-filter branch stack filter modes

-k, --clockid clockid to use for events, see clock_gettime()

-m, --mmap-pages number of mmap data pages and AUX area tracing mmap pa

-N, --no-buildid-cache

do not update the buildid cache

-n, --no-samples don't sample

-o, --output output file name

-P, --period Record the sample period

-p, --pid record events on existing process id

-q, --quiet don't print any message

-R, --raw-samples collect raw sample records from all opened counters

-r, --realtime collect data with this RT SCHED_FIFO priority

-S, --snapshot[=]

AUX area tracing Snapshot Mode

-s, --stat per thread counts

-t, --tid record events on existing thread id

-T, --timestamp Record the sample timestamps

-u, --uid user to profile

-v, --verbose be more verbose (show counter open errors, etc)

-W, --weight sample by weight (on special events only)

--all-kernel Configure all used events to run in kernel space.

--all-user Configure all used events to run in user space.

--buildid-all Record build-id of all DSOs regardless of hits

--call-graph setup and enables call-graph (stack chain/backtrace):

record_mode: call graph recording mode (fp|dw

record_size: if record_mode is 'dwarf', max s

default: 8192 (bytes)

Default: fp

--clang-opt options passed to clang when compiling BPF scriptlets

--clang-path clang binary to use for compiling BPF scriptlets

--dry-run Parse options then exit

--exclude-perf don't record events from perf itself

--filter event filter

--group put the counters into a counter group

--namespaces Record namespaces events

--no-buffering collect data without buffering

--overwrite use overwrite mode

--per-thread use per-thread mmaps

--phys-data Record the sample physical addresses

--proc-map-timeout per thread proc mmap processing timeout in ms

--running-time Record running/enabled time of read (:S) events

--sample-cpu Record the sample cpu

--switch-events Record context switch events

--switch-output[=]

Switch output when receive SIGUSR2 or cross size,time

--tail-synthesize

synthesize non-sample events at the end of output

--timestamp-filename

append timestamp to output filename

--transaction sample transaction flags (special events only)

--user-regs[=]

sample selected machine registers on interrupt, use -I

--vmlinux vmlinux pathname

安装flamegraph

火焰图是脚本，只需要下载

$ git clone https://github.com/brendangregg/FlameGraph.git

使用

perf的教程主要参考 http://www.brendangregg.com/perf.html

火焰图的教程主要参考 http://www.brendangregg.com/flamegraphs.html

# -F是每秒的采样次数 -p 是进程id， -a 是采集所有cpu， -g是记录调用依赖关系，sleep

$ sudo perf record -F 99 -p 85356 -a -g -- sleep 10

# 上一步会在当前目录生成 perf.data文件，需要转化为profile未见

$ sudo perf script > out.perf

# 生成一个中间文件 out.folded

$ ./FlameGraph/stackcollapse-perf.pl out.perf > out.folded

# out.svg就是我们要的火焰图文件，可以用浏览器打开

$ ./FlameGraph/flamegraph.pl out.folded > out.svg

用浏览器打开

火焰图怎么看？

教程是这样说的

The x-axis shows the stack profile population, sorted alphabetically (it is not the passage of time), and the y-axis shows stack depth, counting from zero at the bottom. Each rectangle represents a stack frame. The wider a frame is is, the more often it was present in the stacks. The top edge shows what is on-CPU, and beneath it is its ancestry. The colors are usually not significant, picked randomly to differentiate frames.

x轴是按照字母排列的profile调用栈信息

y轴代表栈深度。每个矩形代表一个栈帧，矩形越宽，说明调用越频繁。

上下矩形具有祖先关系，下面矩形是上面矩形的祖先，调用关系的表现在这。

颜色是随机的，没有意义。

火焰图就是看顶层的哪个函数占据的宽度最大。只要有"平顶"(plateaus)，就表示该函数可能存在性能问题。