python实战演练基础知识_python零基础入门到实战，基础知识总结（一）

1编写第一个程序(python 3)

print('hello world!')

2.查看python 版本号

python -v

3.使用变量

message = 'hello world!'

print(message)

4.字符串

name = 'jetty'

print(name.title()) #Jetty 首字母大写

print(name) jetty

name.upper() #JEETY 转大写

name.lower() #jetty 转小写

5.合并拼接字符串

first_name = 'hongzhu'

last_name = 'zhan'

full_name = last_name +" "+ first_name

print(full_name) zhan hongzhu

6.使用制表来添加空白

language = 'python\nJavascript\nC\nRust'

print(language)

打印

python

Javascript

C

Rust

7.删除空白

_blank = ' python '

print(_blank.rstrip()) #去除右侧空白

print(_blank.strip()) #去除两侧空白

print(_blank.lstrip()) #去除左侧空白

8.变量类型

num = 2.340

print(int(num)) #整型 2

print(float(num)) #浮点型 2.34

9.列表

color = ['red','green','yellow','pink']

#访问元素

print(color[0]) ##red

#修改

color[0] = 'black'

#添加元素

color.append('orange')

#插入元素

color.insert(0,'blue') #插到第一位

print(color)

#删除元素

del color[0] #删除当前元素

color.pop() #删除数组最后一个元素

color.remove('red') #删除红色

10 组织列表

10.1排序列表

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

num_list.sort()

print(num_list) [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]

10.2临时排序

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

print(sorted(num_list)) [1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4]

10.3reverse 反序

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

num_list.reverse()

print(num_list) [2, 1, 3, 1, 2, 4, 3, 2, 1]

10.4列表的长度

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

print(len(num_list)) 9

11 遍历列表

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

for i in num_list:

print(i,end=" ") #一行显示

12.使用函数遍历

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

for i in range(len(num_list)):

print(num_list[i],end=" ")

13.乘方运算

squares = []

for i in range(1,6):

squares.append(i**2)

print(squares) [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

14.内置函数

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

print(max(num_list)) 4

print(min(num_list)) 1

print(sum(num_list)) 19

15.列表解析

squeres = [value**2 for value in range(1,11)]

print(squeres) [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81, 100]

16.练习示例

16.1 1-50奇数的和

odd_number =[]

for i in range(1,11,2):

odd_number.append(i)

print(sum(odd_number))

16.2 3-90 3的倍数

three_nmu = []

for i in range(3, 91):

if (i % 3==0):

three_nmu.append(i)

print(three_nmu)

16.3 1-10 的立方

squares = []

for i in range(3,11):

squares.append(i**3)

print(squares)

16.4 1-10 的立方列表解析

squares = [i**3 for i in range(3,11)]

print(squares)

17 列表切片

num_list = [1,2,3,4,2,1,3,1,2]

print(num_list[0:5]) [1, 2, 3, 4, 2] #从第一个开始取值到第五位

print(num_list[:5]) [1, 2, 3, 4, 2] #默认会从第一个开始取值

print(num_list[5:]) [1, 3, 1, 2] #取后面的4位

18 元组

dimensions = (100,300)

print(dimensions[0]) 100

for i in dimensions:

print(i) 100 300

19 if 语句

num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2]

for i in num_list:

if i == 2:

print(i)

20 !=

num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2]

for i in num_list:

if i != 2:

print(i)

21 and

num_list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 2, 1, 3, 1, 2]

for i in num_list:

if i >=1 and i <=2:

print(i)

22 字典

alien = {'color':0,'points':1}

print(alien['color']) ##color

23 修改字典

alien = {'color':0,'points':1}

alien['color'] = 'red'

print(alien) {'color': 'red', 'points': 1}

24 删除字典

alien = {'color':0,'points':1}

del alien['color']

print(alien)

25 案例练习

25.1创建两个人的字典，存储在列表，遍历列表，输出列表

people_nums1 = {'name':'jetty','name1':'jack'}

people_nums2 ={'name':'kitty','name1':'james'}

peoples = [people_nums1,people_nums2]

for i in peoples:

print(i)

26.用户输入和while循环

ipt = input('你是小黄么？1(true) or 2(false)?')

if ipt =='1':

print('是本人')

else:

print('不是本人')

27 % //运算符

print(4 % 2) 0

print(4 // 2) 2

28 while运算符

count = 0

arr = []

while count < 20:

for j in range(1, 100):

if j % 11 == 0:

count = count+1

arr.append(j)

print(arr)

29 函数

#简单求和

def num_sum(arr):

result =0

for i in arr:

result =result+i

return result

print(num_sum([1,2,3,4])) 10

30 函数默认值

def num_sum(arr=[1,2,3]):

result =0

for i in arr:

result =result+i

return result

print(num_sum()) 6

31 传递任意数量的实参

def make_prize(*top):

return top

print(make_prize(1))

print(make_prize(1,2,3))

print(make_prize(1,3,4,5))

print(make_prize(1,1,1,1,1))

#返回

(1,)

(1, 2, 3)

(1, 3, 4, 5)

(1, 1, 1, 1, 1)

32 导入函数

# 随机数

import random

print(random.randint(1,19))

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