关于python pdb的描述_python pdb模块

参考文件http://pythonconquerstheuniverse.wordpress.com/category/Python-debugger/

翻译不是一一对应

Debug功能对于developer是非常重要的，python提供了相应的模块pdb让你可以在用文本编辑器写脚本的情况下进行debug. pdb是python debugger的简称。

常用的一些命令如下：

命令用途

break 或 b

设置断点

continue 或 c

继续执行程序

list 或 l

查看当前行的代码段

step 或 s

进入函数

return 或 r

执行代码直到从当前函数返回

exit 或 q

中止并退出

next 或 n

执行下一行

pp

打印变量的值

help

帮助

开始介绍如何使用pdb。

使用的测试代码1： epdb1.py

import pdb

a = "aaa"

pdb.set_trace()

b = "bbb"

c = "ccc"

final = a + b + c

print final

关于set_trace()pdb.set_trace()¶

Enter the debugger at the calling stack frame.

This is useful to hard-code abreakpoint at a given point in a program,

even if the code is not otherwisebeing debugged (e.g. when an assertion

fails).

1 开始调试：

[root@rcc-pok-idg-2255 ~]#  python epdb1.py

> /root/epdb1.py(4)?()

-> b = "bbb"

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb1.py(5)?()

-> c = "ccc"

(Pdb)

> /root/epdb1.py(6)?()

-> final = a + b + c

(Pdb) list

1     import pdb

2     a = "aaa"

3     pdb.set_trace()

4     b = "bbb"

5     c = "ccc"

6  -> final = a + b + c

7     print final

[EOF]

(Pdb)

[EOF]

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb1.py(7)?()

-> print final

(Pdb)

使用n+enter表示执行当前的statement，在第一次按下了n+enter之后可以直接按enter表示重复执行上一条debug命令。

If you press ENTER without entering anything, pdb will re-execute the last command that you gave it.

quit或者q可以退出当前的debug，但是quit会以一种非常粗鲁的方式退出程序，直接crash

[root@rcc-pok-idg-2255 ~]#  python epdb1.py

> /root/epdb1.py(4)?()

-> b = "bbb"

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb1.py(5)?()

-> c = "ccc"

(Pdb) q

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "epdb1.py", line 5, in ?

c = "ccc"

File "epdb1.py", line 5, in ?

c = "ccc"

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/bdb.py", line 48, in trace_dispatch

return self.dispatch_line(frame)

File "/usr/lib64/python2.4/bdb.py", line 67, in dispatch_line

if self.quitting: raise BdbQuit

bdb.BdbQuit

在使用过程中打印变量的值，可以直接使用p加上变量名，但是需要注意的是打印仅仅在当前的statement已经被执行了之后才能看到具体的值，否则会报 NameError: 错误。

[root@rcc-pok-idg-2255 ~]#  python epdb1.py

> /root/epdb1.py(4)?()

-> b = "bbb"

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb1.py(5)?()

-> c = "ccc"

(Pdb) p b

'bbb'

(Pdb)

'bbb'

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb1.py(6)?()

-> final = a + b + c

(Pdb) p c

'ccc'

(Pdb) p final

*** NameError:

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb1.py(7)?()

-> print final

(Pdb) p final

'aaabbbccc'

(Pdb)

使用c可以停止当前的debug使得程序继续执行。如果在下面的程序中继续有set_statement()的申明，则又会重新进入到debug的状态。

[root@rcc-pok-idg-2255 ~]#  python epdb1.py

> /root/epdb1.py(4)?()

-> b = "bbb"

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb1.py(5)?()

-> c = "ccc"

(Pdb) c

aaabbbccc

可以在代码print final之前再加上set_trace()验证。

如果代码过程，在debug的时候不一定能记住当前的代码快，则可以通过使用list或者l命令在显示。list会用箭头->指向当前debug的语句

[root@rcc-pok-idg-2255 ~]#  python epdb1.py

> /root/epdb1.py(4)?()

-> b = "bbb"

(Pdb) list

1     import pdb

2     a = "aaa"

3     pdb.set_trace()

4  -> b = "bbb"

5     c = "ccc"

6     final = a + b + c

7     pdb.set_trace()

8     print final

[EOF]

(Pdb) c

> /root/epdb1.py(8)?()

-> print final

(Pdb) list

3     pdb.set_trace()

4     b = "bbb"

5     c = "ccc"

6     final = a + b + c

7     pdb.set_trace()

8  -> print final

[EOF]

(Pdb)

对于使用函数的情况下进行debug：

epdb2.py --import pdb

def combine(s1,s2): # define subroutine combine, which...

s3 = s1 + s2 + s1 # sandwiches s2 between copies of s1, ...

s3 = '"' + s3 +'"' # encloses it in double quotes,...

return s3 # and returns it.

a = "aaa"

pdb.set_trace()

b = "bbb"

c = "ccc"

final = combine(a,b)

print final

如果直接使用n进行debug则到final=combine这句的时候会将其当做普通的赋值语句处理，进入到print final。如果想要对函数进行debug如何处理？可以直接使用s进入函数块。

[root@rcc-pok-idg-2255 ~]# python epdb2.py

> /root/epdb2.py(10)?()

-> b = "bbb"

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb2.py(11)?()

-> c = "ccc"

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb2.py(12)?()

-> final = combine(a,b)

(Pdb) s

--Call--

> /root/epdb2.py(3)combine()

-> def combine(s1,s2):      # define subroutine combine, which...

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb2.py(4)combine()

-> s3 = s1 + s2 + s1    # sandwiches s2 between copies of s1, ...

(Pdb) list

1     import pdb

2

3     def combine(s1,s2):      # define subroutine combine, which...

4  ->     s3 = s1 + s2 + s1    # sandwiches s2 between copies of s1, ...

5         s3 = '"' + s3 +'"'   # encloses it in double quotes,...

6         return s3            # and returns it.

7

8     a = "aaa"

9     pdb.set_trace()

10     b = "bbb"

11     c = "ccc"

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb2.py(5)combine()

-> s3 = '"' + s3 +'"'   # encloses it in double quotes,...

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb2.py(6)combine()

-> return s3            # and returns it.

(Pdb) n

--Return--

> /root/epdb2.py(6)combine()->'"aaabbbaaa"'

-> return s3            # and returns it.

(Pdb) n

> /root/epdb2.py(13)?()

-> print final

(Pdb)

如果不想在函数里单步调试可以在断点出直接按r退出到调用的地方。

在调试的时候动态改变值 。注意下面有个错误，原因是b已经被赋值了，如果想重新改变b的赋值，则应该使用！b

[root@rcc-pok-idg-2255 ~]# python epdb2.py

> /root/epdb2.py(10)?()

-> b = "bbb"

(Pdb) var = "1234"

(Pdb) b = "avfe"

*** The specified object '= "avfe"' is not a function

or was not found along sys.path.

(Pdb) !b="afdfd"

(Pdb)

再贴一篇好文章：http://onlamp.com/pub/a/python/2005/09/01/debugger.html?page=1

Debugger Module Contents

The pdb module contains the debugger. pdb containsone class,

Pdb, which inherits from bdb.Bdb. Thedebugger documentation mentions six functions, which create an interactivedebugging session:

pdb.run(statement[, globals[, locals]])

pdb.runeval(expression[, globals[, locals]])

pdb.runcall(function[, argument, ...])

pdb.set_trace()

pdb.post_mortem(traceback)

pdb.pm()

All six functions provide a slightly different mechanism for dropping a userinto the debugger.

pdb.run(statement[, globals[, locals]])

pdb.run() executes the string statement under thedebugger's control. Global and local dictionaries are optional parameters:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import pdb

def test_debugger(some_int):

print "start some_int>>", some_int

return_int = 10 / some_int

print "end some_int>>", some_int

return return_int

if __name__ == "__main__":

pdb.run("test_debugger(0)")

pdb.runeval(expression[,globals[, locals]])

pdb.runeval() is identical to pdb.run(), exceptthat pdb.runeval() returns the value of the evaluated stringexpression:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import pdb

def test_debugger(some_int):

print "start some_int>>", some_int

return_int = 10 / some_int

print "end some_int>>", some_int

return return_int

if __name__ == "__main__":

pdb.runeval("test_debugger(0)")

pdb.runcall(function[,argument, ...])

pdb.runcall() calls the specified function andpasses any specified arguments to it:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import pdb

def test_debugger(some_int):

print "start some_int>>", some_int

return_int = 10 / some_int

print "end some_int>>", some_int

return return_int

if __name__ == "__main__":

pdb.runcall(test_debugger, 0)

pdb.set_trace()

pdb.set_trace() drops the code into the debugger when executionhits it:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import pdb

def test_debugger(some_int):

pdb.set_trace()

print "start some_int>>", some_int

return_int = 10 / some_int

print "end some_int>>", some_int

return return_int

if __name__ == "__main__":

test_debugger(0)

pdb.post_mortem(traceback)

pdb.post_mortem() performs postmortem debugging of thespecified traceback:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import pdb

def test_debugger(some_int):

print "start some_int>>", some_int

return_int = 10 / some_int

print "end some_int>>", some_int

return return_int

if __name__ == "__main__":

try:

test_debugger(0)

except:

import sys

tb = sys.exc_info()[2]

pdb.post_mortem(tb)

pdb.pm()

pdb.pm() performs postmortem debugging of the tracebackcontained in sys.last_traceback:

#!/usr/bin/env python

import pdb

import sys

def test_debugger(some_int):

print "start some_int>>", some_int

return_int = 10 / some_int

print "end some_int>>", some_int

return return_int

def do_debugger(type, value, tb):

pdb.pm()

if __name__ == "__main__":

sys.excepthook = do_debugger

test_debugger(0)