python里如何调用namedtuple里的数值_如何在函数中传递namedtuple的可选参数

使用布尔值设置是否打印卷和电子邮件的标志：def search_student(database=None, ID=None, roll=False, email=False):

if ID is None or ID == 0:

print 'Provide the arguments properly'

return False

for each in database:

if each.id == ID:

print 'Student Name: {}'.format(each.name)

if roll:

print 'Stutent Roll: {}'.format(each.roll_no)

if email:

print("Student email: {}".format(each.email))

break

else:

return "User does not exist in database"

studentDatabase = collections.namedtuple("student", "id name roll_no phone email")

DATABASE = [studentDatabase(1, 'Mayukh Sarkar', 9, '555-2312', 'mayukh2012@hotmail,com'),

studentDatabase(2, 'Alisha Sengupta', 7, '555-1345', 'alisha@gmail.com')]

输出：

^{pr2}$

我还可以使用id作为键将用户存储在dict中：def search_student(database=None, ID=None, roll=False, email=False):

if ID is None or ID == 0:

print 'Provide the arguments properly'

return False

get = database.get(ID)

if get is not None:

print 'Student Name: {}'.format(get.name)

if roll:

print 'Student Roll: {}'.format(get.roll_no)

if email:

print("Student email: {}".format(get.email))

else:

return "User does not exist in database"

然后将dict作为数据库传递：studentDatabase = collections.namedtuple("student", "id name roll_no phone email")

DATABASE = {1: studentDatabase(1, 'Mayukh Sarkar', 9, '555-2312', 'mayukh2012@hotmail,com'),

2: studentDatabase(2, 'Alisha Sengupta', 7, '555-1345', 'alisha@gmail.com')}

输出相同：In [18]: search_student(DATABASE, 1, email=True,roll=True)Student Name: Mayukh Sarkar

Student Roll: 9

Student email: mayukh2012@hotmail,com

In [19]: search_student(DATABASE, 1,roll=True)

Student Name: Mayukh Sarkar

Student Roll: 9

In [20]: search_student(DATABASE, 1, email=True)

Student Name: Mayukh Sarkar

Student email: mayukh2012@hotmail,com

In [21]: search_student(DATABASE, 1)

Student Name: Mayukh Sarkar

In [22]: search_student(DATABASE, 5)

Out[22]: 'User does not exist in database'

对于所有逻辑，最好使用dict，但是getattr将使用**kwargs：import collections

def search_student(database=None, ID=None, **kwargs):

if ID is None or ID == 0:

print 'Provide the arguments properly'

return False

get = database.get(ID)

if get is not None:

print 'Student Name: {}'.format(get.name)

for k in kwargs:

print("Student {}: {}".format(k, getattr(get,k)))

else:

return "User does not exist in database"

studentDatabase = collections.namedtuple("student", "id name roll_no phone email")

DATABASE = {1: studentDatabase(1, 'Mayukh Sarkar', 9, '555-2312', 'mayukh2012@hotmail,com'),

2: studentDatabase(2, 'Alisha Sengupta', 7, '555-1345', 'alisha@gmail.com')}

search_student(DATABASE,1,roll_no=True,email=True)

当用户输入一个无效的关键字/属性时，我们需要进行捕捉，有很多方法可以处理，但是一个简单的方法是捕捉属性错误：try:

print("Student {}: {}".format(k, getattr(get, k)))

except AttributeError:

print("Informative message or whatever is suitable")

或者使用hasattr并在返回False时执行任何操作：if get is not None:

print 'Student Name: {}'.format(get.name)

for k in kwargs:

if not hasattr(get,k):

continue

print("Student {}: {}".format(k, getattr(get, k)))

传递默认值：if get is not None:

print 'Student Name: {}'.format(get.name)

for k in kwargs:

val = getattr(get, k,False)

if val:

print("Student {}: {}".format(k, val))

else:....