python调用simulink_使用Python从dbc文件中提取simulink建模数据定义

使用dbc文件建模完成CAN通讯是一种比较高效的开发模式，不过在建模的过程中dbc文件中描述的数据需要自己去定义。使用文本编辑工具打开dbc文件可以看到，实际上dbc文件是一个可以进行语义解析的文本。这样，通过脚本语言便可以轻松的实现simulink建模所需要的数据定义。

以下面的dbc文件为例，简单做一下尝试。首先定义dbc文件中定义两个消息帧，以及消息帧相关的部分变量。出于示例的简单，只定义了8位和16位的数据。具体的dbc文件文本如下：

VERSION

""

NS_ :

NS_DESC_

CM_

BA_DEF_

BA_

VAL_

CAT_DEF_

CAT_

FILTER

BA_DEF_DEF_

EV_DATA_

ENVVAR_DATA_

SGTYPE_

SGTYPE_VAL_

BA_DEF_SGTYPE_

BA_SGTYPE_

SIG_TYPE_REF_

VAL_TABLE_

SIG_GROUP_

SIG_VALTYPE_

SIGTYPE_VALTYPE_

BO_TX_BU_

BA_DEF_REL_

BA_REL_

BA_DEF_DEF_REL_

BU_SG_REL_

BU_EV_REL_

BU_BO_REL_

SG_MUL_VAL_

BS_:

BU_:

BO_ 2147486754 Message2: 8 Vector__XXX

BO_ 2147486753 Message1: 8 Vector__XXX

SG_ message_var3_16bit : 55|16@0+ (1,0) [0|0]

"" Vector__XXX

SG_ message_var2_16bit : 39|16@0+ (1,0) [0|0]

"" Vector__XXX

SG_ message_var2_8bit : 31|8@0+ (1,0) [0|0]

"" Vector__XXX

SG_ message_var1_16bit : 15|16@0+ (1,0) [0|0]

"" Vector__XXX

SG_ test_flag : 7|8@0+ (1,0) [0|0]

"" Vector__XXX

BA_DEF_ SG_

"SigType" ENUM

"Default","Range","RangeSigned","ASCII","Discrete","Control","ReferencePGN","DTC","StringDelimiter","StringLength","StringLengthControl";

BA_DEF_ SG_

"GenSigEVName" STRING

;

BA_DEF_ SG_

"GenSigILSupport"

ENUM

"No","Yes";

BA_DEF_ SG_

"GenSigSendType"

ENUM

"Cyclic","OnWrite","OnWriteWithRepetition","OnChange","OnChangeWithRepetition","IfActive","IfActiveWithRepetition","NoSigSendType";

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgFastOnStart" INT 0

100000;

BA_DEF_ SG_

"GenSigInactiveValue" INT 0

0;

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgCycleTimeFast" INT 0

3600000;

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgNrOfRepetition" INT 0

1000000;

BA_DEF_ SG_

"GenSigStartValue" INT 0

10000;

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgDelayTime" INT 0

1000;

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgILSupport"

ENUM

"No","Yes";

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgStartDelayTime" INT 0

100000;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NodeLayerModules" STRING

;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"ECU" STRING ;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939SystemInstance" INT 0

15;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939System" INT 0

127;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939ManufacturerCode" INT 0

2047;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939IndustryGroup" INT 0

7;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939IdentityNumber" INT 0

2097151;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939FunctionInstance" INT 0

7;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939Function" INT 0

255;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939ECUInstance" INT 0

3;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmJ1939AAC" INT 0 1;

BA_DEF_ BU_

"NmStationAddress" INT 0

255;

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgSendType"

ENUM

"cyclic","NotUsed","IfActive","NotUsed","NotUsed","NotUsed","NotUsed","NotUsed","noMsgSendType";

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgRequestable" INT 0

1;

BA_DEF_ BO_

"GenMsgCycleTime" INT 0

3600000;

BA_DEF_ SG_

"SPN" INT 0 524287;

BA_DEF_

"DBName" STRING ;

BA_DEF_

"BusType" STRING ;

BA_DEF_

"ProtocolType" STRING

;

BA_DEF_ BO_

"VFrameFormat"

ENUM

"StandardCAN","ExtendedCAN","reserved","J1939PG";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"SigType"

"Default";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenSigEVName"

"Env@Nodename_@Signame";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenSigILSupport"

"Yes";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenSigSendType"

"NoSigSendType";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgFastOnStart" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenSigInactiveValue"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgCycleTimeFast"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgNrOfRepetition"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenSigStartValue" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgDelayTime" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgILSupport"

"Yes";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgStartDelayTime"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NodeLayerModules"

"";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"ECU"

"";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939SystemInstance"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939System" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939ManufacturerCode"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939IndustryGroup"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939IdentityNumber"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939FunctionInstance"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939Function" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939ECUInstance"

0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmJ1939AAC" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"NmStationAddress"

254;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgSendType"

"noMsgSendType";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgRequestable" 1;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"GenMsgCycleTime" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"SPN" 0;

BA_DEF_DEF_

"DBName"

"";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"BusType"

"CAN";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"ProtocolType"

"J1939";

BA_DEF_DEF_

"VFrameFormat"

"J1939PG";

BA_ "DBName"

"ECUTstInf";

BA_

"VFrameFormat" BO_ 2147486754

3;

BA_

"VFrameFormat" BO_ 2147486753

3;

编写Python脚本，首先数据的解析。完成一个M脚本，脚本会通过对MATLAB

Workspace中的数据模板进行拷贝修改完成数据定义。

脚本如下(其中Excel写入变量信息表的功能可以去掉)：

#!/usr/bin/python

################################################################################

# Grey 2016.03.02

# Update : add the function to gnerate M script

for data import.

# Grey  2016.03.01

# generate variables list according to dbc

file.

# Inupt : dbc file name as a string, excel file

name as a string.

# Output : An excel file : variables list

file

#

import re

from xlwt import Workbook

def

GetVarList(dbc_file,var_list,model_name):

data_c_file

= model_name + '_Data.c'

data_head_file

= model_name + '_Data.h'

fid

= open('var_import.m','w')

book

= Workbook()

sheet_result

= book.add_sheet('variables')

data_type_dict

= {2:'uint8',8:'uint8',12:'uint16',16:'uint16'}

text_lines

= open(dbc_file,'r')

regexp_var

= re.compile(r'SG_\s+(\w+)\s+.*\|(\w+)@')

var_detail

=

re.compile(r'SG_.*\((\S+),(\S+)\).*\[(\S+)\|(\S+)\].*\"(\S*)\"')

index_col_num

= 0

var_name_col_num  = 1

data_type_col_num = 2

raw_num

= 0

sheet_result.write(raw_num,index_col_num,'index')

sheet_result.write(raw_num,var_name_col_num,'variable

name')

sheet_result.write(raw_num,data_type_col_num,'data

type')

for each_line in text_lines:

line_info  =

each_line.strip()

if line_info.startswith('SG_ '):

search_result

= regexp_var.search(line_info)

var_detail_result =

var_detail.search(line_info)

try:

raw_num += 1

var_name

= search_result.group(1)

data_index

= int(search_result.group(2))

data_type

= data_type_dict[data_index]

factor_value  =

var_detail_result.group(1)

bias_value

= var_detail_result.group(2)

min_value

= var_detail_result.group(3)

max_value

= var_detail_result.group(4)

unit_str

= var_detail_result.group(5)

sheet_result.write(raw_num,index_col_num,raw_num)

sheet_result.write(raw_num,var_name_col_num,var_name)

sheet_result.write(raw_num,data_type_col_num,data_type)

if data_type

== 'uint8':

fid.write("%s =

copy(base_8bit);\n" % var_name)

fid.write("%s.DataType =

\'fixdt(0,8,%s,%s)\';\n"

%(var_name,factor_value,bias_value))

fid.write("%s.Min =

%s;\n" % (var_name,0))

fid.write("%s.Max =

%s;\n" % (var_name,255))

fid.write("%s.DocUnits =

\'%s\';\n" % (var_name,unit_str))

fid.write("%s.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.DefinitionFile

= '%s';\n" % (var_name,data_c_file))

fid.write("%s.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.HeaderFile

= '%s';\n" % (var_name,data_head_file))

elif data_type == 'uint16':

fid.write("%s =

copy(base_16bit);\n" % var_name)

fid.write("%s.DataType =

\'fixdt(0,16,%s,%s)\';\n"

%(var_name,factor_value,bias_value))

fid.write("%s.Min =

%s;\n" % (var_name,0))

fid.write("%s.Max =

%s;\n" % (var_name,65535))

fid.write("%s.DocUnits =

\'%s\';\n" % (var_name,unit_str))

fid.write("%s.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.DefinitionFile

= '%s';\n" % (var_name,data_c_file))

fid.write("%s.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.HeaderFile

= '%s';\n" % (var_name,data_head_file))

#print("%s factor : %s\t bias :

%s\tMin : %s\tMax : %s\tUnit : %s" % \

#(var_name,factor_value,bias_value,min_value,max_value,unit_str))

except:

print("ERROR:%s" %

line_info)

book.save(var_list)

fid.close()

print("Process Done! Please

refer to excel file %s" % var_list)

GetVarList('test.dbc','temp.xls','DbcTst')

运行脚本，生成如下内容的M文件：

message_var3_16bit = copy(base_16bit);

message_var3_16bit.DataType =

'fixdt(0,16,1,0)';

message_var3_16bit.Min = 0;

message_var3_16bit.Max = 65535;

message_var3_16bit.DocUnits = '';

message_var3_16bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.DefinitionFile =

'DbcTst_Data.c';

message_var3_16bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.HeaderFile =

'DbcTst_Data.h';

message_var2_16bit = copy(base_16bit);

message_var2_16bit.DataType =

'fixdt(0,16,1,0)';

message_var2_16bit.Min = 0;

message_var2_16bit.Max = 65535;

message_var2_16bit.DocUnits = '';

message_var2_16bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.DefinitionFile =

'DbcTst_Data.c';

message_var2_16bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.HeaderFile =

'DbcTst_Data.h';

message_var2_8bit = copy(base_8bit);

message_var2_8bit.DataType =

'fixdt(0,8,1,0)';

message_var2_8bit.Min = 0;

message_var2_8bit.Max = 255;

message_var2_8bit.DocUnits = '';

message_var2_8bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.DefinitionFile =

'DbcTst_Data.c';

message_var2_8bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.HeaderFile =

'DbcTst_Data.h';

message_var1_16bit = copy(base_16bit);

message_var1_16bit.DataType =

'fixdt(0,16,1,0)';

message_var1_16bit.Min = 0;

message_var1_16bit.Max = 65535;

message_var1_16bit.DocUnits = '';

message_var1_16bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.DefinitionFile =

'DbcTst_Data.c';

message_var1_16bit.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.HeaderFile =

'DbcTst_Data.h';

test_flag = copy(base_8bit);

test_flag.DataType = 'fixdt(0,8,1,0)';

test_flag.Min = 0;

test_flag.Max = 255;

test_flag.DocUnits = '';

test_flag.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.DefinitionFile

= 'DbcTst_Data.c';

test_flag.RTWInfo.CustomAttributes.HeaderFile =

'DbcTst_Data.h';

在MATLAB的Workspace中定义8位以及16位的数据定义模板，然后执行M文件。

数据定义模板：

运行后，Workspace中已经生成dbc中的数据定义，只需要把这些数据保存成mat文件即可保存使用。

后续，提供使用这个示例中的dbc文件进行建模的方法。