有很多方法可以下载文件。 以下我将发布最常见的方式; 您可以自行决定哪种方法更适合您的应用。
1.使用DownloadManager并在对话框中显示下载进度
此方法将允许您执行一些后台进程并同时更新UI(在这种情况下，我们将更新进度条)。
这是一个示例代码：
// declare the dialog as a member field of your activity
ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
// instantiate it within the onCreate method
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(YourActivity.this);
mProgressDialog.setMessage("A message");
mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(true);
mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
mProgressDialog.setCancelable(true);
// execute this when the downloader must be fired
final DownloadTask downloadTask = new DownloadTask(YourActivity.this);
downloadTask.execute("the url to the file you want to download");
mProgressDialog.setOnCancelListener(new DialogInterface.OnCancelListener() {
@Override
public void onCancel(DialogInterface dialog) {
downloadTask.cancel(true);
}
});
DownloadManager将如下所示：
// usually, subclasses of AsyncTask are declared inside the activity class.
// that way, you can easily modify the UI thread from here
private class DownloadTask extends AsyncTask {
private Context context;
private PowerManager.WakeLock mWakeLock;
public DownloadTask(Context context) {
this.context = context;
}
@Override
protected String doInBackground(String... sUrl) {
InputStream input = null;
OutputStream output = null;
HttpURLConnection connection = null;
try {
URL url = new URL(sUrl[0]);
connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
connection.connect();
// expect HTTP 200 OK, so we don't mistakenly save error report
// instead of the file
if (connection.getResponseCode() != HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {
return "Server returned HTTP " + connection.getResponseCode()
+ " " + connection.getResponseMessage();
}
// this will be useful to display download percentage
// might be -1: server did not report the length
int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
// download the file
input = connection.getInputStream();
output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/file_name.extension");
byte data[] = new byte[4096];
long total = 0;
int count;
while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
// allow canceling with back button
if (isCancelled()) {
input.close();
return null;
}
total += count;
// publishing the progress....
if (fileLength > 0) // only if total length is known
publishProgress((int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
output.write(data, 0, count);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
return e.toString();
} finally {
try {
if (output != null)
output.close();
if (input != null)
input.close();
} catch (IOException ignored) {
}
if (connection != null)
connection.disconnect();
}
return null;
}
上述方法(DownloadManager)始终在后台线程上运行。 你不应该在那里做任何UI任务。 另一方面，HttpURLConnection和HttpResponseCache在UI线程上运行，因此您可以更改进度条：
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
super.onPreExecute();
// take CPU lock to prevent CPU from going off if the user
// presses the power button during download
PowerManager pm = (PowerManager) context.getSystemService(Context.POWER_SERVICE);
mWakeLock = pm.newWakeLock(PowerManager.PARTIAL_WAKE_LOCK,
getClass().getName());
mWakeLock.acquire();
mProgressDialog.show();
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... progress) {
super.onProgressUpdate(progress);
// if we get here, length is known, now set indeterminate to false
mProgressDialog.setIndeterminate(false);
mProgressDialog.setMax(100);
mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(String result) {
mWakeLock.release();
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
if (result != null)
Toast.makeText(context,"Download error: "+result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
else
Toast.makeText(context,"File downloaded", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
要运行此选项，您需要WAKE_LOCK权限。
2.从服务下载
这里最大的问题是：如何从服务更新我的活动？ 在下一个示例中，我们将使用您可能不知道的两个类：DownloadManager和HttpURLConnection.HttpResponseCache是允许我们从服务更新线程的类; IntentService是Service的子类，它从那里生成一个线程来执行后台工作(你应该知道Service实际上在你的应用程序的同一个线程中运行;当你扩展Service时，你必须手动生成新线程来运行CPU阻塞操作)。
下载服务可能如下所示：
public class DownloadService extends IntentService {
public static final int UPDATE_PROGRESS = 8344;
public DownloadService() {
super("DownloadService");
}
@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
String urlToDownload = intent.getStringExtra("url");
ResultReceiver receiver = (ResultReceiver) intent.getParcelableExtra("receiver");
try {
URL url = new URL(urlToDownload);
URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();
connection.connect();
// this will be useful so that you can show a typical 0-100% progress bar
int fileLength = connection.getContentLength();
// download the file
InputStream input = new BufferedInputStream(connection.getInputStream());
OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream("/sdcard/BarcodeScanner-debug.apk");
byte data[] = new byte[1024];
long total = 0;
int count;
while ((count = input.read(data)) != -1) {
total += count;
// publishing the progress....
Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
resultData.putInt("progress" ,(int) (total * 100 / fileLength));
receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
output.write(data, 0, count);
}
output.flush();
output.close();
input.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
Bundle resultData = new Bundle();
resultData.putInt("progress" ,100);
receiver.send(UPDATE_PROGRESS, resultData);
}
}
将服务添加到清单：
活动将如下所示：
// initialize the progress dialog like in the first example
// this is how you fire the downloader
mProgressDialog.show();
Intent intent = new Intent(this, DownloadService.class);
intent.putExtra("url", "url of the file to download");
intent.putExtra("receiver", new DownloadReceiver(new Handler()));
startService(intent);
这是DownloadManager来玩：
private class DownloadReceiver extends ResultReceiver{
public DownloadReceiver(Handler handler) {
super(handler);
}
@Override
protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
if (resultCode == DownloadService.UPDATE_PROGRESS) {
int progress = resultData.getInt("progress");
mProgressDialog.setProgress(progress);
if (progress == 100) {
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
}
}
}
}
2.1使用Groundy库
Groundy是一个基本上可以帮助您在后台服务中运行代码的库，它基于上面显示的DownloadManager概念。 此库已弃用。 这就是整个代码的样子：
您正在显示对话框的活动...
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
findViewById(R.id.btn_download).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
public void onClick(View view) {
String url = ((EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_url)).getText().toString().trim();
Bundle extras = new Bundler().add(DownloadTask.PARAM_URL, url).build();
Groundy.create(DownloadExample.this, DownloadTask.class)
.receiver(mReceiver)
.params(extras)
.queue();
mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(MainActivity.this);
mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
mProgressDialog.setCancelable(false);
mProgressDialog.show();
}
});
}
private ResultReceiver mReceiver = new ResultReceiver(new Handler()) {
@Override
protected void onReceiveResult(int resultCode, Bundle resultData) {
super.onReceiveResult(resultCode, resultData);
switch (resultCode) {
case Groundy.STATUS_PROGRESS:
mProgressDialog.setProgress(resultData.getInt(Groundy.KEY_PROGRESS));
break;
case Groundy.STATUS_FINISHED:
Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, R.string.file_downloaded, Toast.LENGTH_LONG);
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
break;
case Groundy.STATUS_ERROR:
Toast.makeText(DownloadExample.this, resultData.getString(Groundy.KEY_ERROR), Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
mProgressDialog.dismiss();
break;
}
}
};
}
Groundy用于下载文件并显示进度的DownloadManager实现：
public class DownloadTask extends GroundyTask {
public static final String PARAM_URL = "com.groundy.sample.param.url";
@Override
protected boolean doInBackground() {
try {
String url = getParameters().getString(PARAM_URL);
File dest = new File(getContext().getFilesDir(), new File(url).getName());
DownloadUtils.downloadFile(getContext(), url, dest, DownloadUtils.getDownloadListenerForTask(this));
return true;
} catch (Exception pokemon) {
return false;
}
}
}
然后将其添加到清单中：
我想这可不容易。 只需从Github拿起最新的罐子，你就可以开始了。 请记住，Groundy的主要目的是在后台服务中调用外部REST apis，并轻松地将结果发布到UI。 如果你在你的应用程序中做了类似的事情，它可能真的很有用。
2.2使用[https://github.com/koush/ion]
3.使用DownloadManager类(仅限HttpURLConnection及更新版本)
GingerBread带来了一项新功能DownloadManager，它允许您轻松下载文件并将处理线程，流等的艰苦工作委派给系统。
首先，让我们看一个实用方法：
/**
* @param context used to check the device version and DownloadManager information
* @return true if the download manager is available
*/
public static boolean isDownloadManagerAvailable(Context context) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.GINGERBREAD) {
return true;
}
return false;
}
方法的名称解释了这一切。 一旦你确定DownloadManager可用，你可以这样做：
String url = "url you want to download";
DownloadManager.Request request = new DownloadManager.Request(Uri.parse(url));
request.setDescription("Some descrition");
request.setTitle("Some title");
// in order for this if to run, you must use the android 3.2 to compile your app
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
request.allowScanningByMediaScanner();
request.setNotificationVisibility(DownloadManager.Request.VISIBILITY_VISIBLE_NOTIFY_COMPLETED);
}
request.setDestinationInExternalPublicDir(Environment.DIRECTORY_DOWNLOADS, "name-of-the-file.ext");
// get download service and enqueue file
DownloadManager manager = (DownloadManager) getSystemService(Context.DOWNLOAD_SERVICE);
manager.enqueue(request);
下载进度将显示在通知栏中。
最后的想法
第一种和第二种方法只是冰山一角。 如果您希望自己的应用程序功能强大，那么您需要记住很多事情。 这是一个简短的清单：
您必须检查用户是否有可用的Internet连接
确保您拥有正确的权限(DownloadManager和HttpURLConnection); 还有HttpResponseCache如果您想查看网络可用性。
确保目录是否要下载存在的文件并具有写入权限。
如果下载太大，您可能希望实现一种方法，以便在以前的尝试失败时恢复下载。
如果您允许用户中断下载，用户将不胜感激。
除非您需要详细控制下载过程，否则请考虑使用DownloadManager(3)，因为它已经处理了上面列出的大多数项目。
但也要考虑您的需求可能会发生变化。 例如，DownloadManager没有响应缓存。 它会盲目地多次下载同一个大文件。 事后没有简单的方法来解决它。 如果你从一个基本的HttpURLConnection(1,2)开始，那么你所需要的只是添加一个HttpResponseCache.因此，学习基本的标准工具的初步努力可以是一个很好的投资。
此类在API级别26中已弃用.ProgressDialog是一种模态 对话框，阻止用户与应用程序交互。 代替 使用这个类，你应该使用像这样的进度指示器 ProgressBar，可以嵌入到您应用的UI中。或者， 您可以使用通知来通知用户任务的进度。 有关详细信息链接
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