python内置函数sorted(x)的作用是_Python内置函数sorted（）用法

函数名：sorted()

作用：对迭代对象进行排序(细节见代码)

调用方法：sorted(iterable, *, key=None, reverse=False)

参数：

iterable：任何可迭代的对象，列表，字符串，字典

key：可调用一个函数，用来作为排序的标准

reverse：是否反转(倒序)

官方解释：

sorted(iterable, *, key=None, reverse=False)

Return a new sorted list from the items in iterable.

Has two optional arguments which must be specified as keyword arguments.

key

specifies a function of one argument that is used to extract a comparison key from each element in iterable (for example, key=str.lower). The default value is None (compare the elements directly).

reverse

is a boolean value. If set to True, then the list elements are sorted as if each comparison were reversed.

Use functools.cmp_to_key() to convert an old-style cmp function to a key function.

The built-in sorted() function is guaranteed to be stable. A sort is stable if it guarantees not to change the relative order of elements that compare equal — this is helpful for sorting in multiple passes (for example, sort by department, then by salary grade)

个人理解举例：

lt = [1, 3, 2]

print(sorted(lt))#[1, 2, 3]

print(sorted(lt, reverse=True))#[3, 2, 1]

lt.sort()#[1, 2, 3]

"""

说明：lt.sort()方法只适用于列表操作，

是列表的专有内置函数，而sorted()函数

是Python内置函数，不单单可以作用于列表，任何迭代对象

皆可，如下

"""

s = "321"

print(sorted(s))#["1", "2", "3"],此例也说明sorted()函数返回值是一个列表

d = {3: "c", 2: "b", 1: "a"}

print(sorted(d))#[1, 2, 3],会将字典中的键，整理出来，作为列表返回

#此例对key参数用法做简单解释

print(sorted("This is a test string from Andrew".split(), key=str.lower))

"""

输出如下：

['a', 'Andrew', 'from', 'is', 'string', 'test', 'This']

解释如下：

首先将字符串以空格字符，作为分割，遇到空格字符，就分为一个单独的字符串

然后排序，但是key参数的设置，意为在排序过程中，遇到大小写时

小写优先

如不设置，大写会优先的

"""