python中configparser函数_Python 常用函数 configparser模块

使用ConfigParser模块读写ini文件

ConfigParserPython的ConfigParser Module中定义了3个类对INI文件进行操作。分别是RawConfigParser、ConfigParser、SafeConfigParser。模块所解析的ini配置文件是由多个section构成，每个section名用中括号‘[]’包含，每个section下可有多个配置项类似于key-value形式，

配置文件a.ini如下：

# 注释1

; 注释2

[section1]

k1 = v1

k2:v2

user=egon

age=18

is_admin=true

salary=31

[section2]

k1 = v1

读取

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('a.ini')

#查看所有的标题

res=config.sections() #['section1', 'section2']

print(res)

#查看标题section1下所有key=value的key

options=config.options('section1')

print(options) #['k1', 'k2', 'user', 'age', 'is_admin', 'salary']

#查看标题section1下所有key=value的(key,value)格式

item_list=config.items('section1')

print(item_list) #[('k1', 'v1'), ('k2', 'v2'), ('user', 'egon'), ('age', '18'), ('is_admin', 'true'), ('salary', '31')]

#查看标题section1下user的值=>字符串格式

val=config.get('section1','user')

print(val) #egon

#查看标题section1下age的值=>整数格式

val1=config.getint('section1','age')

print(val1) #18

#查看标题section1下is_admin的值=>布尔值格式

val2=config.getboolean('section1','is_admin')

print(val2) #True

#查看标题section1下salary的值=>浮点型格式

val3=config.getfloat('section1','salary')

print(val3) #31.0

改写

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('a.cfg')

#删除整个标题section2

config.remove_section('section2')

#删除标题section1下的某个k1和k2

config.remove_option('section1','k1')

config.remove_option('section1','k2')

#判断是否存在某个标题

print(config.has_section('section1'))

#判断标题section1下是否有user

print(config.has_option('section1',''))

#添加一个标题

config.add_section('egon')

#在标题egon下添加name=egon,age=18的配置

config.set('egon','name','egon')

config.set('egon','age',18) #报错,必须是字符串

#最后将修改的内容写入文件,完成最终的修改

config.write(open('a.cfg','w'))

好多软件的常见文档格式如下，文件名为test.ini：

[DEFAULT]

ServerAliveInterval = 45

Compression = yes

CompressionLevel = 9

ForwardX11 = yes

[bitbucket.org]

User = hg

[topsecret.server.com]

Port = 50022

ForwardX11 = no

php.ini文件的格式也是如此

[PHP]

engine = On

short_open_tag = Off

asp_tags = Off

precision = 14

output_buffering = 4096

zlib.output_compression = Off

implicit_flush = Off

unserialize_callback_func =

serialize_precision = 17

disable_functions =

disable_classes =

zend.enable_gc = On

expose_php = On

max_execution_time = 30

max_input_time = 60

memory_limit = 128M

error_reporting = E_ALL & ~E_DEPRECATED & ~E_STRICT

display_errors = Off

display_startup_errors = Off

log_errors = On

log_errors_max_len = 1024

ignore_repeated_errors = Off

ignore_repeated_source = Off

report_memleaks = On

track_errors = Off

html_errors = On

variables_order = "GPCS"

request_order = "GP"

register_argc_argv = Off

auto_globals_jit = On

post_max_size = 8M

auto_prepend_file =

auto_append_file =

default_mimetype = "text/html"

doc_root =

user_dir =

enable_dl = Off

file_uploads = On

upload_max_filesize = 2M

max_file_uploads = 20

allow_url_fopen = On

allow_url_include = Off

default_socket_timeout = 60

[CLI Server]

cli_server.color = On

[Date]

[filter]

[iconv]

[intl]

[sqlite]

[sqlite3]

[Pcre]

[Pdo]

[Pdo_mysql]

pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000

pdo_mysql.default_socket=

[Phar]

[mail function]

SMTP = localhost

smtp_port = 25

sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail -t -i

mail.add_x_header = On

[SQL]

sql.safe_mode = Off

[ODBC]

odbc.allow_persistent = On

odbc.check_persistent = On

odbc.max_persistent = -1

odbc.max_links = -1

odbc.defaultlrl = 4096

odbc.defaultbinmode = 1

[Interbase]

ibase.allow_persistent = 1

ibase.max_persistent = -1

ibase.max_links = -1

ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"

ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d"

ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S"

[MySQL]

mysql.allow_local_infile = On

mysql.allow_persistent = On

mysql.cache_size = 2000

mysql.max_persistent = -1

mysql.max_links = -1

mysql.default_port =

mysql.default_socket =

mysql.default_host =

mysql.default_user =

mysql.default_password =

mysql.connect_timeout = 60

mysql.trace_mode = Off

[MySQLi]

mysqli.max_persistent = -1

mysqli.allow_persistent = On

mysqli.max_links = -1

mysqli.cache_size = 2000

mysqli.default_port = 3306

mysqli.default_socket =

mysqli.default_host =

mysqli.default_user =

mysqli.default_pw =

mysqli.reconnect = Off

[mysqlnd]

mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On

mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = Off

[OCI8]

[PostgreSQL]

pgsql.allow_persistent = On

pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off

pgsql.max_persistent = -1

pgsql.max_links = -1

pgsql.ignore_notice = 0

pgsql.log_notice = 0

[Sybase-CT]

sybct.allow_persistent = On

sybct.max_persistent = -1

sybct.max_links = -1

sybct.min_server_severity = 10

sybct.min_client_severity = 10

[bcmath]

bcmath.scale = 0

[browscap]

[Session]

session.save_handler = files

session.use_cookies = 1

session.use_only_cookies = 1

session.name = PHPSESSID

session.auto_start = 0

session.cookie_lifetime = 0

session.cookie_path = /

session.cookie_domain =

session.cookie_httponly =

session.serialize_handler = php

session.gc_probability = 1

session.gc_divisor = 1000

session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440

session.bug_compat_42 = Off

session.bug_compat_warn = Off

session.referer_check =

session.cache_limiter = nocache

session.cache_expire = 180

session.use_trans_sid = 0

session.hash_function = 0

session.hash_bits_per_character = 5

url_rewriter.tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,input=src,form=fakeentry"

[MSSQL]

mssql.allow_persistent = On

mssql.max_persistent = -1

mssql.max_links = -1

mssql.min_error_severity = 10

mssql.min_message_severity = 10

mssql.compatability_mode = Off

mssql.secure_connection = Off

[Assertion]

[mbstring]

[gd]

[exif]

[Tidy]

tidy.clean_output = Off

[soap]

soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1

soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp"

soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400

soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5

[sysvshm]

[ldap]

ldap.max_links = -1

[mcrypt]

[dba]

1 获取所有节点

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')

res=config.sections()

print(res)

'''

打印结果:

['bitbucket.org', 'topsecret.server.com']

'''

2 获取指定节点下所有的键值对

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')

res=config.items('bitbucket.org')

print(res)

'''

打印结果:(包含DEFAULT以及bitbucket.org这俩标题下所有的items)

[('serveraliveinterval', '45'), ('compression', 'yes'), ('compressionlevel', '9'), ('forwardx11', 'yes'), ('user', 'hg')]

'''

3 获取指定节点下所有的建

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')

res=config.options('bitbucket.org')

print(res)

'''

打印结果:(包含DEFAULT以及bitbucket.org这俩标题下所有的键)

['user', 'serveraliveinterval', 'compression', 'compressionlevel', 'forwardx11']'''

4 获取指定节点下指定key的值

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')

res1=config.get('bitbucket.org','user')

res2=config.getint('topsecret.server.com','port')

res3=config.getfloat('topsecret.server.com','port')

res4=config.getboolean('topsecret.server.com','ForwardX11')

print(res1)

print(res2)

print(res3)

print(res4)

'''

打印结果:

hg

50022

50022.0

False

'''

5 检查、删除、添加节点

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')

#检查

has_sec=config.has_section('bitbucket.org')

print(has_sec) #打印True

#添加节点

config.add_section('egon') #已经存在则报错

config['egon']['username']='gangdan'

config['egon']['age']='18'

config.write(open('test.ini','w'))

#删除节点

config.remove_section('egon')

config.write(open('test.ini','w'))

6 检查、删除、设置指定组内的键值对

import configparser

config=configparser.ConfigParser()

config.read('test.ini',encoding='utf-8')

#检查

has_sec=config.has_option('bitbucket.org','user') #bitbucket.org下有一个键user

print(has_sec) #打印True

#删除

config.remove_option('DEFAULT','forwardx11')

config.write(open('test.ini','w'))

#设置

config.set('bitbucket.org','user','gangdang')

config.write(open('test.ini','w'))

import configparser

config = configparser.ConfigParser()

config["DEFAULT"] = {'ServerAliveInterval': '45',

'Compression': 'yes',

'CompressionLevel': '9'}

config['bitbucket.org'] = {}

config['bitbucket.org']['User'] = 'hg'

config['topsecret.server.com'] = {}

topsecret = config['topsecret.server.com']

topsecret['Host Port'] = '50022' # mutates the parser

topsecret['ForwardX11'] = 'no' # same here

config['DEFAULT']['ForwardX11'] = 'yes'

with open('example.ini', 'w') as configfile:

config.write(configfile)