Python——txt转化为GeoJson(基础的点坐标)

1、什么是GeoJSON

GeoJSON是一种对各种地理数据结构进行编码的格式。GeoJSON对象可以表示几何、特征或者特征集合。GeoJSON支持下面几何类型：点、线、面、多点、多线、多面和几何集合。GeoJSON里的特征包含一个几何对象和其他属性，特征集合表示一系列特征。一个完整的GeoJSON数据结构总是一个（JSON术语里的）对象。在GeoJSON里，对象由名/值对--也称作成员的集合组成。对每个成员来说，名字总是字符串。

下面是一个点要素较为标准的geoJson格式：

{
  "type": "FeatureCollection",
  "features": [
        {"type":"Feature",
        "properties":{},
        "geometry":{
            "type":"Point",
            "coordinates":[105.380859375,31.57853542647338]
            }
        }
    ]
}

为了转为js格式文件或者存储在xml以便于前端使用，需要对txt文件进行处理转化为geoJSON格式。

2、处理的测试数据

以下为txt格式的数据摘要，主要由四列组成，第一列为编号id，第二列为时间戳，第三列为经度，第四列为纬度

7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140513,104.05878,30.50994
7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140516,104.05873,30.50987
7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140519,104.05870,30.50983
7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140522,104.05869,30.50981
7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140525,104.05867,30.50979
7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140528,104.05862,30.50972
7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140531,104.05855,30.50963
7bec7c291270f973ebd30f93db5ccafa,1525140534,104.05847,30.50953

3、Python转化代码

import numpy as np
from collections import defaultdict
import json
import copy

#总字典
objects=[]
#**********************读取文件*********************************
fileName="testData.txt"
location = []
list1=[]
#读取txt文件中每一行的值
for line in open(fileName, "r"):
#每个输入数据以逗号隔开
    items = line.strip("\n").split(",")
    # label.append(int(items.pop()))
    item=items[1:2]
    list1.append(item)
    tmps=[]
    for j in range(2,4):
        tmp=float(items[j])
        tmps.append(tmp)
    location.append(tmps)
#location = np.array(location)
#location=location.astype(float)
#np.savetxt("locationList.txt",location,fmt="%s")
list1=np.array(list1)
#ndarray类型
#np.savetxt("timeNump.txt",list,fmt="%d")
list1=list1.reshape(-1)
list2=[]
for i in list1:
    temp=i+"000"
    i=copy.copy(temp)
    list2.append(i)
list2=np.array(list2)
list2=list2.astype(np.uint64)
list2=list2.tolist()
#******************************************读取文件结束********************************************
#location存储的是位置坐标
#list2存储的是时间戳

#geometry属性的字典
geo=defaultdict(list)
geo["type"]="MultiPoint"
for i in location:
    geo["coordinates"].append(i)

#properties属性的字典
pro=defaultdict(list)
for i in list2:
    pro["time"].append(i)
pro["speed"]
pro["altitude"]
pro["heading"]
pro["horizontal_accuracy"]
pro["vertical_accuracy"]
pro["raw"]
object={
    'type': "Feature",
    'geometry':geo,
    'properties':pro,
    "bbox" : []
}
objects.append(object)
object1={
    'type': "Feature1",
    'geometry':geo,
    'properties':pro,
    "bbox" : []
}
objects.append(object1)
json_str = json.dumps(objects, indent=2)#注意这个indent参数
with open('object_data.js', 'w') as json_file:
     json_file.write(json_str)

要特别注意的是时间戳我将其处理为后面加上000即乘以1000.

4、处理结果

下面为一个id对应的一组数据，每个id合起来组成最终的json文件。

{
    "type": "Feature",
    "geometry": {
      "type": "MultiPoint",
      "coordinates": [
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.0804,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.08042,
          30.49634
        ],
        [
          104.08053,
          30.49635
        ],
        [
          104.0807,
          30.49637
        ],
        [
          104.08078,
          30.49638
        ],
        [
          104.08083,
          30.49639
        ],
        [
          104.08093,
          30.4964
        ],
        [
          104.08109,
          30.49642
        ],
        [
          104.08129,
          30.49644
        ],
        [
          104.08155,
          30.49645
        ],
        [
          104.08179,
          30.49644
        ],
        [
          104.08212,
          30.49643
        ],
        [
          104.0825,
          30.4964
        ],
        [
          104.08285,
          30.49637
        ],
        [
          104.08317,
          30.49635
        ],
        [
          104.08345,
          30.49633
        ],
        [
          104.08362,
          30.49632
        ],
        [
          104.0837,
          30.49631
        ],
        [
          104.08377,
          30.4963
        ],
        [
          104.08394,
          30.4963
        ],
        [
          104.08415,
          30.4963
        ],
        [
          104.08439,
          30.4963
        ],
        [
          104.08469,
          30.4963
        ]
      ]
    },
    "properties": {
      "time": [
        1525161601000,
        1525161604000,
        1525161607000,
        1525161610000,
        1525161613000,
        1525161616000,
        1525161619000,
        1525161622000,
        1525161625000,
        1525161628000,
        1525161631000,
        1525161634000,
        1525161637000,
        1525161640000,
        1525161643000,
        1525161646000,
        1525161649000,
        1525161652000,
        1525161655000,
        1525161658000,
        1525161661000,
        1525161664000,
        1525161667000,
        1525161670000,
        1525161673000,
        1525161676000,
        1525161679000,
        1525161682000,
        1525161685000,
        1525161688000,
        1525161691000,
        1525161694000,
        1525161697000,
        1525161700000,
        1525161703000,
        1525161706000,
        1525161709000,
        1525161712000,
        1525161715000,
        1525161718000,
        1525161721000,
        1525161724000,
        1525161727000,
        1525161730000,
        1525161733000
      ],
      "speed": [],
      "altitude": [],
      "heading": [],
      "horizontal_accuracy": [],
      "vertical_accuracy": [],
      "raw": []
    },
    "bbox": []
  }