mongodb 去重_强强对比 MongoDB与MySQL

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-12 14:07:30 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2024-01-12 14:07:30 发布

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文章标签： mongodb 去重 mongodb模糊查询

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39626690/article/details/111274597

版权

作者: MoonlightL

原标题：MongoDB 与 MySQL 的区别 / 原文:

https://www.extlight.com/2017/11/30/MongoDB-与-MySQL-的区别/

一、前言

MongoDB 虽说是文档型数据库，但是在学习和使用其语法时发现又与 MySQL 有些相似之处，在此记录点滴日后复习。

二、概念区别

比较	MySQL	MongoDB
库	database	database
表	table	collection
行	row	document
列	column	field
索引	index	index
表关联	table joins	$lookup
主键	primary key	primary key
聚合	aggregation	aggregation pipeline

三、命令区别

比较	MySQL	MongoDB
服务端	mysqld	mongod
客户端	mysql	mongo

四、关键字和函数区别

MySQL	MongoDB
where	$match
group by	$group
having	$match
select	$project
order by	$sort
limit	$limit
sum()	$sum
count()	$sum
join	$lookup

五、语句区别

# 5.1 表结构

# 5.1.1 创建表/集合

db.people.insertOne( {

user_id: "abc123",

age: 55,

status: "A"

} )

相当于

CREATE TABLE people (

id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

user_id Varchar(30),

age Number,

status char(1),

PRIMARY KEY (id)

)

# 5.1.2 新增字段

db.people.updateMany(

{ },

{ $set: { join_date: new Date() } }

)

相当于 ALTER TABLE people ADD join_date DATETIME

# 5.1.3 删除字段

db.people.updateMany(

{ },

{ $unset: { "join_date": "" } }

)

相当于 ALTER TABLE people DROP COLUMN join_date

# 5.1.4 创建索引

db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1 } )

相当于 CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc ON people(user_id)

# 5.1.5 删除表/集合

db.people.drop()

相当于 DROP TABLE people

# 5.2 新增记录/文档

db.people.insertOne(

{ user_id: "bcd001", age: 45, status: "A" }

)

相当于 INSERT INTO people(user_id,age,status) VALUES ("bcd001",45,"A")

# 5.3 查询记录/文档

# 5.3.1 简单查询

db.people.find()

相当于 SELECT * FROM people

db.people.find(

{ },

{ user_id: 1, status: 1 }

)

相当于 SELECT id,user_id,status FROM people

db.people.find(

{ },

{ user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 }

)

相当于 SELECT user_id, status FROM people

# 5.3.2 条件查询

db.people.find(

{ status: "A" }

)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A"

db.people.find(

{ status: "A" },

{ user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 }

)

相当于 SELECT user_id, status FROM people WHERE status = "A"

# 5.3.3 非查询

db.people.find(

{ status: { $ne: "A" } }

)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE status != "A"

# 5.3.4 且查询

db.people.find(

{ status: "A",

age: 50 }

)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" AND age = 50

# 5.3.5 或查询

db.people.find(

{ $or: [ { status: "A" } ,

{ age: 50 } ] }

)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" OR age = 50

# 5.3.6 大于查询

db.people.find(

{ age: { $gt: 25 } }

)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE age > 25

# 5.3.7 小于查询

db.people.find(

{ age: { $lt: 25 } }

)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE age < 25

# 5.3.8 范围查询

db.people.find(

{ age: { $gt: 25, $lte: 50 } }

)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE age > 25 AND age <= 50

# 5.3.9 模糊查询

db.people.find( { user_id: /bc/ } ) 或 db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /bc/ } } )

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE user_id like "%bc%"

db.people.find( { user_id: /^bc/ } ) 或 db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /^bc/ } } )

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE user_id like "bc%"

# 5.3.10 排序查询

db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: 1 } )

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" ORDER BY user_id ASC

db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: -1 } )

相当于 SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A" ORDER BY user_id DESC

# 5.3.11 统计查询

db.people.count() 或 db.people.find().count()

相当于 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM people

db.people.count( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ) 或 db.people.find( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ).count()

相当于 SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM people

db.people.count( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ) 或 db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ).count()

相当于 SELECT COUNT(*) FROM people WHERE age > 30

# 5.3.12 去重查询

db.people.distinct( "status" )

相当于 SELECT DISTINCT(status) FROM people

# 5.3.13 分页查询

db.people.findOne() 或 db.people.find().limit(1)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 1

db.people.find().limit(5).skip(10)

相当于 SELECT * FROM people LIMIT 5 SKIP 10

# 5.3.14 查询计划

db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).explain()

相当于 EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM people WHERE status = "A"

# 5.4 修改记录/文档

db.people.updateMany(

{ age: { $gt: 25 } },

{ $set: { status: "C" } }

);

相当于 UPDATE people SET status = "C" WHERE age > 25;

db.people.updateMany(

{ status: "A" } ,

{ $inc: { age: 3 } }

);

相当于 UPDATE people SET age = age + 3 WHERE status = "A";

# 5.5 删除记录/文档

db.people.deleteMany( { status: "D" } );

相当于 DELETE FROM people WHERE status = "D";

db.people.deleteMany({});

相当于 DELETE FROM people;

六、参考资料

https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/sql-aggregation-comparison/ 关键字和函数相关
https://docs.mongodb.com/manual/reference/sql-comparison/ 语句相关