java字节对齐 32 64_为什么Java对象中存在内部碎片,即使每个字段都是4字节对齐的？...

介绍：

在这样做时,我偶然发现了以下内容：

x@pc:~/Util$java -jar jol-cli-0.9-full.jar internals sun.reflect.DelegatingClassLoader

# WARNING: Unable to attach Serviceability Agent. You can try again with escalated privileges. Two options: a) use -Djol.tryWithSudo=true to try with sudo; b) echo 0 | sudo tee /proc/sys/kernel/yama/ptrace_scope

# Running 64-bit HotSpot VM.

# Using compressed oop with 3-bit shift.

# Using compressed klass with 3-bit shift.

# WARNING | Compressed references base/shifts are guessed by the experiment!

# WARNING | Therefore, computed addresses are just guesses, and ARE NOT RELIABLE.

# WARNING | Make sure to attach Serviceability Agent to get the reliable addresses.

# Objects are 8 bytes aligned.

# Field sizes by type: 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8 [bytes]

# Array element sizes: 4, 1, 1, 2, 2, 4, 4, 8, 8 [bytes]

Instantiated the sample instance via sun.reflect.DelegatingClassLoader(java.lang.ClassLoader)

sun.reflect.DelegatingClassLoader object internals:

OFFSET SIZE TYPE DESCRIPTION VALUE

0 4 (object header) 01 00 00 00 (00000001 00000000 00000000 00000000) (1)

4 4 (object header) 00 00 00 00 (00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000) (0)

8 4 (object header) 3b 13 00 f8 (00111011 00010011 00000000 11111000) (-134212805)

12 4 java.lang.ClassLoader ClassLoader.parent null

16 4 java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap ClassLoader.parallelLockMap null

20 4 java.util.Map ClassLoader.package2certs (object)

24 4 java.util.Vector ClassLoader.classes (object)

28 4 java.security.ProtectionDomain ClassLoader.defaultDomain (object)

32 4 java.util.Set ClassLoader.domains (object)

36 4 java.util.HashMap ClassLoader.packages (object)

40 4 java.util.Vector ClassLoader.nativeLibraries (object)

44 4 java.lang.Object ClassLoader.assertionLock (object)

48 4 java.util.Map ClassLoader.packageAssertionStatus null

52 4 java.util.Map ClassLoader.classAssertionStatus null

56 8 (alignment/padding gap)

64 1 boolean ClassLoader.defaultAssertionStatus false

65 7 (loss due to the next object alignment)

Instance size: 72 bytes

Space losses: 8 bytes internal + 7 bytes external = 15 bytes total

题：

在这种情况下困扰我的是每个字段都是4字节对齐的(参见OFFSET列),但仍然在偏移56处添加了对齐间隙(56 8(对齐/填充间隙)).我在Java 9中做了相同的测试,并且对象布局发生了一些变化,alignemnt / padding间隙仍然存在,但是甚至大12个字节.

为什么会这样？为什么它是8字节大,我看到的所有其他对象都是4字节对齐的？我自己找不到解释.

我的系统：

openjdk version "1.8.0_151"

OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_151-8u151-b12-0ubuntu0.16.04.2-b12)

OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.151-b12, mixed mode)

使用默认设置(带压缩oops的ParallelOldGC)