迭代器java删除数据_你还在使用迭代器删除集合数据，out了，Java 中函数removeIf 不香么...

简述

Java 中 集合List,Map在for循环中时，直接删除是不允许的操作。会出现如下异常

java.util.ConcurrentModificationException

at java.util.HashMap$HashIterator.nextNode(HashMap.java:1445)

at java.util.HashMap$EntryIterator.next(HashMap.java:1479)

at java.util.HashMap$EntryIterator.next(HashMap.java:1477)

at com.demo.regex.RegexTest.test2(RegexTest.java:187)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)

at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)

at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)

at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)

at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)

at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)

at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)

at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)

at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)

at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)

at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137)

at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:68)

at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:33)

at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:230)

at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:58)

其中的原因也是很明确，forEach 会影响整个集合的结构，集合自身的结构发生变化，但当前又在循环的进行中，集合将无法进行循环处理，故此将会抛出异常。

解决方案一

在JDK 中有一段描述

The iterators returned by all of this class's "collection view methods" are fail-fast: if the map is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator's own remove method, the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.

使用迭代器可以实现结构修改的动态感知。

Map deletes = new HashMap<>();

deletes.put("1", "1");

deletes.put("2", "2");

deletes.put("3", "3");

Iterator> iterator = set.iterator();

while (iterator.hasNext()) {

Map.Entry entry = iterator.next();

if (entry.getKey().equals("1")) {

iterator.remove();

}

}

方案二

在Java 8 后，集合提供了removeIf函数。如果只是删除其中的数据，则推荐使用。

Map deletes = new HashMap<>();

deletes.put("1", "1");

deletes.put("2", "2");

deletes.put("3", "3");

Set> set = deletes.entrySet();

set.removeIf(entry -> entry.getKey().equals("1"));