android运行时权限代码,一行代码解决Android M新的运行时权限问题

Android M运行时权限是个啥东西

啥是运行时权限呢？Android M对权限管理系统进行了改版，之前我们的App需要权限，只需在manifest中申明即可，用户安装后，一切申明的权限都可来去自如的使用。但是Android M把权限管理做了加强处理，在manifest申明了，在使用到相关功能时，还需重新授权方可使用。当然，不是所有权限都需重新授权，所以就把这些需要重新授权方可使用的权限称之为运行时权限。

运行时权限的影响

运行时权限的好处可以让用户使用时更有主动权，不会让app随便乱来。

但是受害最深的却是我们这些受苦受难的开发者，为何这么说呢？如果你的app的targetSdkVersion 是23也就是android 6.0的话，遇到运行时权限不去做代码处理的话，程序直接崩掉。

所以，如果你的app没有在android 6.0上做足够的测试，请不要设置targetSdk为23，22以下就不会出现问题。

但是，作为开发者，我们还是必须要与时俱进的不是，而且以后的主流机型也必然是android M，怎么能不去适配他/她呢？继续往下看。

哪些是运行时权限

要先做好适配，那就必然要先了解哪些是运行时权限。

先看下哪些是不用特殊处理的权限，android称之为普通权限：

参考链接：http://developer.android.com/guide/topics/security/normal-permissions.html

As of API level 23, the following permissions are classified as PROTECTION_NORMAL:

android.permission.ACCESS_LOCATION_EXTRA_COMMANDS

android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE

android.permission.ACCESS_NOTIFICATION_POLICY

android.permission.ACCESS_WIFI_STATE

android.permission.ACCESS_WIMAX_STATE

android.permission.BLUETOOTH

android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN

android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY

android.permission.CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIFI_STATE

android.permission.CHANGE_WIMAX_STATE

android.permission.DISABLE_KEYGUARD

android.permission.EXPAND_STATUS_BAR

android.permission.FLASHLIGHT

android.permission.GET_ACCOUNTS

android.permission.GET_PACKAGE_SIZE

android.permission.INTERNET

android.permission.KILL_BACKGROUND_PROCESSES

android.permission.MODIFY_AUDIO_SETTINGS

android.permission.NFC

android.permission.READ_SYNC_SETTINGS

android.permission.READ_SYNC_STATS

android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED

android.permission.REORDER_TASKS

android.permission.REQUEST_INSTALL_PACKAGES

android.permission.SET_TIME_ZONE

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER

android.permission.SET_WALLPAPER_HINTS

android.permission.SUBSCRIBED_FEEDS_READ

android.permission.TRANSMIT_IR

android.permission.USE_FINGERPRINT

android.permission.VIBRATE

android.permission.WAKE_LOCK

android.permission.WRITE_SYNC_SETTINGS

com.android.alarm.permission.SET_ALARM

com.android.launcher.permission.INSTALL_SHORTCUT

com.android.launcher.permission.UNINSTALL_SHORTCUT

危险权限表

同一组的任何一个权限被授权了，其他权限也自动被授权。例如，一旦WRITE_CONTACTS被授权了，app也有READ_CONTACTS和GET_ACCOUNTS了。

------------------------------ 关键部分来了---------------------------------------------

代码封装

封装代码如下：

在BaseActivity添加如下代码：

//**************** Android M Permission (Android 6.0权限控制代码封装)

*****************************************************

private int permissionRequestCode = 88;

private PermissionCallback permissionRunnable ;

public interface PermissionCallback{

void hasPermission();

void noPermission();

}

/**

* Android M运行时权限请求封装

* @param permissionDes 权限描述

* @param runnable 请求权限回调

* @param permissions 请求的权限(数组类型)，直接从Manifest中读取相应的值，比如Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS

*/

public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes,PermissionCallback runnable,@NonNull String... permissions){

if(permissions == null || permissions.length == 0)return;

// this.permissionrequestCode = requestCode;

this.permissionRunnable = runnable;

if((Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.M) || checkPermissionGranted(permissions)){

if(permissionRunnable!=null){

permissionRunnable.hasPermission();

permissionRunnable = null;

}

}else{

//permission has not been granted.

requestPermission(permissionDes,permissionRequestCode,permissions);

}

}

private boolean checkPermissionGranted(String[] permissions){

boolean flag = true;

for(String p:permissions){

if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, p) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED){

flag = false;

break;

}

}

return flag;

}

private void requestPermission(String permissionDes,final int requestCode,final String[] permissions){

if(shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(permissions)){

// Provide an additional rationale to the user if the permission was not granted

// and the user would benefit from additional context for the use of the permission.

// For example, if the request has been denied previously.

// Snackbar.make(getWindow().getDecorView(), requestName,

// Snackbar.LENGTH_INDEFINITE)

// .setAction(R.string.common_ok, new View.OnClickListener() {

// @Override

// public void onClick(View view) {

// ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseAppCompatActivity.this,

// permissions,

// requestCode);

// }

// })

// .show();

//如果用户之前拒绝过此权限，再提示一次准备授权相关权限

new AlertDialog.Builder(this)

.setTitle("提示")

.setMessage(permissionDes)

.setPositiveButton(R.string.common_ok, new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {

@Override

public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseAppCompatActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);

}

}).show();

}else{

// Contact permissions have not been granted yet. Request them directly.

ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(BaseAppCompatActivity.this, permissions, requestCode);

}

}

private boolean shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(String[] permissions){

boolean flag = false;

for(String p:permissions){

if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this,p)){

flag = true;

break;

}

}

return flag;

}

/**

* Callback received when a permissions request has been completed.

*/

@Override

public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions,

@NonNull int[] grantResults) {

if(requestCode == permissionRequestCode){

if(verifyPermissions(grantResults)){

if(permissionRunnable!=null) {

permissionRunnable.hasPermission();

permissionRunnable = null;

}

}else{

showToast("暂无权限执行相关操作！");

if(permissionRunnable!=null) {

permissionRunnable.noPermission();

permissionRunnable = null;

}

}

}else{

super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);

}

}

public boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {

// At least one result must be checked.

if(grantResults.length < 1){

return false;

}

// Verify that each required permission has been granted, otherwise return false.

for (int result : grantResults) {

if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {

return false;

}

}

return true;

}

//********************** END Android M Permission ****************************************

Tips：

1)BaseActivity要继承AppCompatActivity

2)support包使用尽量新的，我使用的是compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:23.0.1' 以防里面的ActivityCompat找不到相关类或方法。

3)如果在Fragment中使用，直接在自己的BaseFragment写个方法调用此Activity的方法即可。

/**

* Android M运行时权限请求封装

* @param permissionDes 权限描述

* @param runnable 请求权限回调

* @param permissions 请求的权限(数组类型)，直接从Manifest中读取相应的值，比如Manifest.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS

*/

public void performCodeWithPermission(@NonNull String permissionDes,BaseAppCompatActivity.PermissionCallback runnable,@NonNull String... permissions){

if(getActivity()!=null && getActivity() instanceof BaseAppCompatActivity){

((BaseAppCompatActivity) getActivity()).performCodeWithPermission(permissionDes,runnable,permissions);

}

}

一句代码使用：

比如，我们要请求相机：

performCodeWithPermission("XX App请求访问相机权限",new BaseAppCompatActivity.PermissionCallback() {

@Override

public void hasPermission() {

//执行打开相机相关代码

}

@Override

public void noPermission() {

}

}, Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE);

写在最后

如果读者还是没有看过文章开头推荐的文章，建议先看一遍，有些知识和出现问题的场景此文没有细说，看完后对运行时权限会有更好的理解。

另外，如果本文有描述不对之处，还望大家多多指正，多谢！

===20160509更新========

checkSelfPermission检测权限失效问题

public boolean selfPermissionGranted(String permission) {

// For Android < Android M, self permissions are always granted.

boolean result = true;

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {

if (targetSdkVersion >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {

// targetSdkVersion >= Android M, we can

// use Context#checkSelfPermission

result = context.checkSelfPermission(permission)

== PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;

} else {

// targetSdkVersion < Android M, we have to use PermissionChecker

result = PermissionChecker.checkSelfPermission(context, permission)

== PermissionChecker.PERMISSION_GRANTED;

}

}

return result;

}

获取target sdk的方法如下：

try {

final PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(

context.getPackageName(), 0);

targetSdkVersion = info.applicationInfo.targetSdkVersion;

} catch (PackageManager.NameNotFoundException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

官方解决方案 EasyPermissions

google自己出了一个解决方案，在github上叫easypermissions。

链接为：https://github.com/googlesamples/easypermissions

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