python读取二进制文件固定位置_在python中读取二进制文件

I have to read a binary file in python. This is first written by a Fortran 90 program in this way:

open(unit=10,file=filename,form='unformatted')

write(10)table%n1,table%n2

write(10)table%nH

write(10)table%T2

write(10)table%cool

write(10)table%heat

write(10)table%cool_com

write(10)table%heat_com

write(10)table%metal

write(10)table%cool_prime

write(10)table%heat_prime

write(10)table%cool_com_prime

write(10)table%heat_com_prime

write(10)table%metal_prime

write(10)table%mu

if (if_species_abundances) write(10)table%n_spec

close(10)

I can easily read this binary file with the following IDL code:

n1=161L

n2=101L

openr,1,file,/f77_unformatted

readu,1,n1,n2

print,n1,n2

spec=dblarr(n1,n2,6)

metal=dblarr(n1,n2)

cool=dblarr(n1,n2)

heat=dblarr(n1,n2)

metal_prime=dblarr(n1,n2)

cool_prime=dblarr(n1,n2)

heat_prime=dblarr(n1,n2)

mu =dblarr(n1,n2)

n =dblarr(n1)

T =dblarr(n2)

Teq =dblarr(n1)

readu,1,n

readu,1,T

readu,1,Teq

readu,1,cool

readu,1,heat

readu,1,metal

readu,1,cool_prime

readu,1,heat_prime

readu,1,metal_prime

readu,1,mu

readu,1,spec

print,spec

close,1

What I want to do is reading this binary file with Python. But there are some problems.

First of all, here is my attempt to read the file:

import numpy

from numpy import *

import struct

file='name_of_my_file'

with open(file,mode='rb') as lines:

c=lines.read()

I try to read the first two variables:

dummy, n1, n2, dummy = struct.unpack('iiii',c[:16])

But as you can see I had to add to dummy variables because, somehow, the fortran programs add the integer 8 in those positions.

The problem is now when trying to read the other bytes. I don't get the same result of the IDL program.

Here is my attempt to read the array n

double = 8

end = 16+n1*double

nH = struct.unpack('d'*n1,c[16:end])

However, when I print this array I get non sense value. I mean, I can read the file with the above IDL code, so I know what to expect. So my question is: how can I read this file when I don't know exactly the structure? Why with IDL it is so simple to read it? I need to read this data set with Python.

解决方案

What you're looking for is the struct module.

This module allows you to unpack data from strings, treating it like binary data.

You supply a format string, and your file string, and it will consume the data returning you binary objects.

For example, using your variables:

import struct

content = f.read() #I'm not sure why in a binary file you were using "readlines",

#but if this is too much data, you can supply a size to read()

n, T, Teq, cool = struct.unpack("dddd",content[:32])

This will make n, T, Teq, and cool hold the first four doubles in your binary file. Of course, this is just a demonstration. Your example looks like it wants lists of doubles - conveniently struct.unpack returns a tuple, which I take for your case will still work fine (if not, you can listify them). Keep in mind that struct.unpack needs to consume the whole string passed into it - otherwise you'll get a struct.error. So, either slice your input string, or only read the number of characters you'll use, like I said above in my comment.

For example,

n_content = f.read(8*number_of_ns) #8, because doubles are 8 bytes

n = struct.unpack("d"*number_of_ns,n_content)