### 导航
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- [模块](../py-modindex.xhtml "Python 模块索引") |
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# 通用操作系统服务
本章中描述的各模块提供了在(几乎)所有的操作系统上可用的操作系统特性的接口,例如文件和时钟。这些接口通常以 Unix 或 C 接口为参照对象设计,不过在大多数其他系统上也可用。这里有一个概述:
- [`os` --- 操作系统接口模块](os.xhtml)
- [文件名,命令行参数,以及环境变量。](os.xhtml#file-names-command-line-arguments-and-environment-variables)
- [进程参数](os.xhtml#process-parameters)
- [创建文件对象](os.xhtml#file-object-creation)
- [文件描述符操作](os.xhtml#file-descriptor-operations)
- [Querying the size of a terminal](os.xhtml#querying-the-size-of-a-terminal)
- [Inheritance of File Descriptors](os.xhtml#inheritance-of-file-descriptors)
- [Files and Directories](os.xhtml#files-and-directories)
- [Linux extended attributes](os.xhtml#linux-extended-attributes)
- [Process Management](os.xhtml#process-management)
- [Interface to the scheduler](os.xhtml#interface-to-the-scheduler)
- [Miscellaneous System Information](os.xhtml#miscellaneous-system-information)
- [Random numbers](os.xhtml#random-numbers)
- [`io` --- 处理流的核心工具](io.xhtml)
- [概述](io.xhtml#overview)
- [Text I/O](io.xhtml#text-i-o)
- [Binary I/O](io.xhtml#binary-i-o)
- [Raw I/O](io.xhtml#raw-i-o)
- [High-level Module Interface](io.xhtml#high-level-module-interface)
- [In-memory streams](io.xhtml#in-memory-streams)
- [Class hierarchy](io.xhtml#class-hierarchy)
- [I/O Base Classes](io.xhtml#i-o-base-classes)
- [Raw File I/O](io.xhtml#raw-file-i-o)
- [Buffered Streams](io.xhtml#buffered-streams)
- [Text I/O](io.xhtml#id1)
- [性能](io.xhtml#performance)
- [Binary I/O](io.xhtml#id2)
- [Text I/O](io.xhtml#id3)
- [多线程](io.xhtml#multi-threading)
- [Reentrancy](io.xhtml#reentrancy)
- [`time` --- 时间的访问和转换](time.xhtml)
- [函数](time.xhtml#functions)
- [Clock ID 常量](time.xhtml#clock-id-constants)
- [时区常量](time.xhtml#timezone-constants)
- [`argparse` --- 命令行选项、参数和子命令解析器](argparse.xhtml)
- [示例](argparse.xhtml#example)
- [创建一个解析器](argparse.xhtml#creating-a-parser)
- [添加参数](argparse.xhtml#adding-arguments)
- [解析参数](argparse.xhtml#parsing-arguments)
- [ArgumentParser 对象](argparse.xhtml#argumentparser-objects)
- [prog](argparse.xhtml#prog)
- [usage](argparse.xhtml#usage)
- [description](argparse.xhtml#description)
- [epilog](argparse.xhtml#epilog)
- [parents](argparse.xhtml#parents)
- [formatter\_class](argparse.xhtml#formatter-class)
- [prefix\_chars](argparse.xhtml#prefix-chars)
- [fromfile\_prefix\_chars](argparse.xhtml#fromfile-prefix-chars)
- [argument\_default](argparse.xhtml#argument-default)
- [allow\_abbrev](argparse.xhtml#allow-abbrev)
- [conflict\_handler](argparse.xhtml#conflict-handler)
- [add\_help](argparse.xhtml#add-help)
- [add\_argument() 方法](argparse.xhtml#the-add-argument-method)
- [name or flags](argparse.xhtml#name-or-flags)
- [action](argparse.xhtml#action)
- [nargs](argparse.xhtml#nargs)
- [const](argparse.xhtml#const)
- [default](argparse.xhtml#default)
- [type](argparse.xhtml#type)
- [choices](argparse.xhtml#choices)
- [required](argparse.xhtml#required)
- [help](argparse.xhtml#help)
- [metavar](argparse.xhtml#metavar)
- [dest](argparse.xhtml#dest)
- [Action classes](argparse.xhtml#action-classes)
- [The parse\_args() method](argparse.xhtml#the-parse-args-method)
- [Option value syntax](argparse.xhtml#option-value-syntax)
- [Invalid arguments](argparse.xhtml#invalid-arguments)
- [Arguments containing `-`](argparse.xhtml#arguments-containing)
- [Argument abbreviations (prefix matching)](argparse.xhtml#argument-abbreviations-prefix-matching)
- [Beyond `sys.argv`](argparse.xhtml#beyond-sys-argv)
- [The Namespace object](argparse.xhtml#the-namespace-object)
- [Other utilities](argparse.xhtml#other-utilities)
- [Sub-commands](argparse.xhtml#sub-commands)
- [FileType objects](argparse.xhtml#filetype-objects)
- [Argument groups](argparse.xhtml#argument-groups)
- [Mutual exclusion](argparse.xhtml#mutual-exclusion)
- [Parser defaults](argparse.xhtml#parser-defaults)
- [Printing help](argparse.xhtml#printing-help)
- [Partial parsing](argparse.xhtml#partial-parsing)
- [Customizing file parsing](argparse.xhtml#customizing-file-parsing)
- [Exiting methods](argparse.xhtml#exiting-methods)
- [Intermixed parsing](argparse.xhtml#intermixed-parsing)
- [Upgrading optparse code](argparse.xhtml#upgrading-optparse-code)
- [`getopt` --- C-style parser for command line options](getopt.xhtml)
- [模块 `logging` --- Python 的日志记录工具](logging.xhtml)
- [Logger Objects](logging.xhtml#logger-objects)
- [日志级别](logging.xhtml#logging-levels)
- [Handler Objects](logging.xhtml#handler-objects)
- [Formatter Objects](logging.xhtml#formatter-objects)
- [Filter Objects](logging.xhtml#filter-objects)
- [LogRecord Objects](logging.xhtml#logrecord-objects)
- [LogRecord attributes](logging.xhtml#logrecord-attributes)
- [LoggerAdapter Objects](logging.xhtml#loggeradapter-objects)
- [线程安全](logging.xhtml#thread-safety)
- [模块级别函数](logging.xhtml#module-level-functions)
- [Module-Level Attributes](logging.xhtml#module-level-attributes)
- [Integration with the warnings module](logging.xhtml#integration-with-the-warnings-module)
- [`logging.config` --- 日志记录配置](logging.config.xhtml)
- [Configuration functions](logging.config.xhtml#configuration-functions)
- [Configuration dictionary schema](logging.config.xhtml#configuration-dictionary-schema)
- [Dictionary Schema Details](logging.config.xhtml#dictionary-schema-details)
- [Incremental Configuration](logging.config.xhtml#incremental-configuration)
- [Object connections](logging.config.xhtml#object-connections)
- [User-defined objects](logging.config.xhtml#user-defined-objects)
- [Access to external objects](logging.config.xhtml#access-to-external-objects)
- [Access to internal objects](logging.config.xhtml#access-to-internal-objects)
- [Import resolution and custom importers](logging.config.xhtml#import-resolution-and-custom-importers)
- [Configuration file format](logging.config.xhtml#configuration-file-format)
- [`logging.handlers` --- Logging handlers](logging.handlers.xhtml)
- [StreamHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#streamhandler)
- [FileHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#filehandler)
- [NullHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#nullhandler)
- [WatchedFileHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#watchedfilehandler)
- [BaseRotatingHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#baserotatinghandler)
- [RotatingFileHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#rotatingfilehandler)
- [TimedRotatingFileHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#timedrotatingfilehandler)
- [SocketHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#sockethandler)
- [DatagramHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#datagramhandler)
- [SysLogHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#sysloghandler)
- [NTEventLogHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#nteventloghandler)
- [SMTPHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#smtphandler)
- [MemoryHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#memoryhandler)
- [HTTPHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#httphandler)
- [QueueHandler](logging.handlers.xhtml#queuehandler)
- [QueueListener](logging.handlers.xhtml#queuelistener)
- [`getpass` --- 便携式密码输入工具](getpass.xhtml)
- [`curses` --- 终端字符单元显示的处理](curses.xhtml)
- [函数](curses.xhtml#functions)
- [Window Objects](curses.xhtml#window-objects)
- [常量](curses.xhtml#constants)
- [`curses.textpad` --- Text input widget for curses programs](curses.xhtml#module-curses.textpad)
- [文本框对象](curses.xhtml#textbox-objects)
- [`curses.ascii` --- Utilities for ASCII characters](curses.ascii.xhtml)
- [`curses.panel` --- A panel stack extension for curses](curses.panel.xhtml)
- [函数](curses.panel.xhtml#functions)
- [Panel Objects](curses.panel.xhtml#panel-objects)
- [`platform` --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data](platform.xhtml)
- [Cross Platform](platform.xhtml#cross-platform)
- [Java Platform](platform.xhtml#java-platform)
- [Windows Platform](platform.xhtml#windows-platform)
- [Win95/98 specific](platform.xhtml#win95-98-specific)
- [Mac OS Platform](platform.xhtml#mac-os-platform)
- [Unix Platforms](platform.xhtml#unix-platforms)
- [`errno` --- Standard errno system symbols](errno.xhtml)
- [`ctypes` --- Python 的外部函数库](ctypes.xhtml)
- [ctypes 教程](ctypes.xhtml#ctypes-tutorial)
- [载入动态连接库](ctypes.xhtml#loading-dynamic-link-libraries)
- [操作导入的动态链接库中的函数](ctypes.xhtml#accessing-functions-from-loaded-dlls)
- [调用函数](ctypes.xhtml#calling-functions)
- [基础数据类型](ctypes.xhtml#fundamental-data-types)
- [调用函数,继续](ctypes.xhtml#calling-functions-continued)
- [使用自定义的数据类型调用函数](ctypes.xhtml#calling-functions-with-your-own-custom-data-types)
- [Specifying the required argument types (function prototypes)](ctypes.xhtml#specifying-the-required-argument-types-function-prototypes)
- [Return types](ctypes.xhtml#return-types)
- [Passing pointers (or: passing parameters by reference)](ctypes.xhtml#passing-pointers-or-passing-parameters-by-reference)
- [Structures and unions](ctypes.xhtml#structures-and-unions)
- [Structure/union alignment and byte order](ctypes.xhtml#structure-union-alignment-and-byte-order)
- [Bit fields in structures and unions](ctypes.xhtml#bit-fields-in-structures-and-unions)
- [Arrays](ctypes.xhtml#arrays)
- [Pointers](ctypes.xhtml#pointers)
- [Type conversions](ctypes.xhtml#type-conversions)
- [Incomplete Types](ctypes.xhtml#incomplete-types)
- [Callback functions](ctypes.xhtml#callback-functions)
- [Accessing values exported from dlls](ctypes.xhtml#accessing-values-exported-from-dlls)
- [Surprises](ctypes.xhtml#surprises)
- [Variable-sized data types](ctypes.xhtml#variable-sized-data-types)
- [ctypes reference](ctypes.xhtml#ctypes-reference)
- [Finding shared libraries](ctypes.xhtml#finding-shared-libraries)
- [Loading shared libraries](ctypes.xhtml#loading-shared-libraries)
- [Foreign functions](ctypes.xhtml#foreign-functions)
- [Function prototypes](ctypes.xhtml#function-prototypes)
- [Utility functions](ctypes.xhtml#utility-functions)
- [Data types](ctypes.xhtml#data-types)
- [基础数据类型](ctypes.xhtml#ctypes-fundamental-data-types-2)
- [Structured data types](ctypes.xhtml#structured-data-types)
- [Arrays and pointers](ctypes.xhtml#arrays-and-pointers)
### 导航
- [索引](../genindex.xhtml "总目录")
- [模块](../py-modindex.xhtml "Python 模块索引") |
- [下一页](os.xhtml "os --- 操作系统接口模块") |
- [上一页](secrets.xhtml "secrets --- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets") |
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- [Python](https://www.python.org/) »
- zh\_CN 3.7.3 [文档](../index.xhtml) »
- [Python 标准库](index.xhtml) »
- $('.inline-search').show(0); |
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