一,如何开启wifi底层学习呢?
茫茫的内核源码怎么找到切入点呢,学习路线通常是从熟悉入门到陌生知识。因此iw工具是入门无线学习的钥匙。学习路线:iw-->cfg80211-->mac80211-->无线驱动(ath9k等),全局概述如下:
二,iw工具开启无线底层大门钥匙
iw是linux系统上的一款无线配置工具,它的出现为了解决iwconfig的很多不足。之所以要更新开发一套无线配置工具,还要从无线拓展(Wireless-Extensions)说起。Wireless-Extensions(简称WE或者Wext)是有Jean Tourrilhes 1997年开发并添加到linux内核的,他通过linux的系统调用ioctl()来实现用户层和内核层之间的通信。由于设计的比较粗糙,使用WE开发的程序难以管理,WE现在除了基本的bugfix之外也无人维护。于是出现了一种新的无线驱动框架来指导无线程序开发,便出现cfg80211和nl80211。cfg80211不再使用ioctl系统调用,而是使用Netlink。iw就是完全基于cfg80211框架重新设计并开发的。
三,源码分析
3,1,iw工作关键流程
//iw工作关键流程
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
/*nl80211初始化,nl80211_init(&nlstate)*/
//给netlink socket分配空间
state->nl_sock = nl_socket_alloc();
//连接内核的Generic NetLink
genl_connect(state->nl_sock);
//获取nl80211的驱动ID
state->nl80211_id = genl_ctrl_resolve(state->nl_sock, "nl80211");
/*解析用户输入指令*/
if (strcmp(*argv, "dev") == 0 && argc > 1) {
__handle_cmd(&nlstate, II_NETDEV, argc, argv, &cmd);
}
/*以下是__handle_cmd()函数实现*/
for_each_cmd(sectcmd) { //在__cmd的section中查找cmd的实现
if (strcmp(cmd->name, command)
match = cmd;
}
cmd = match; //cmd结构体赋值(name, handler,...)
//申请mesg消息内存
msg = nlmsg_alloc();
//填充msg
genlmsg_put(msg, 0, 0, state->nl80211_id, 0,cmd->nl_msg_flags, cmd->cmd, 0);
//回调函数初始化,运行cmd定义的handler()函数
cmd->handler(state, msg, argc, argv, idby);
//配置回调
nl_socket_set_cb(state->nl_sock, s_cb);
//发送msg
nl_send_auto_complete(state->nl_sock, msg);
//设置事件的具体回调函数
nl_cb_set(cb, NL_CB_VALID, NL_CB_CUSTOM, valid_handler, NULL);
//接收msg
while(err > 0) {
nl_recvmsgs(state->nl_sock, cb); //接收数据,回调函数
}
}
3.2,指令实现(interface.c):iw dev wlan0 info
//指令实现(interface.c):iw dev wlan0 info
/*关键的结构体以及宏定义*/
struct cmd {
const char *name;
const char *args;
const char *help;
const enum nl80211_commands cmd;
int nl_msg_flags;
int hidden;
const enum command_identify_by idby;
/*
* The handler should return a negative error code,
* zero on success, 1 if the arguments were wrong.
* Return 2 iff you provide the error message yourself.
*/
int (*handler)(struct nl80211_state *state,
struct nl_msg *msg,
int argc, char **argv,
enum id_input id);
const struct cmd *(*selector)(int argc, char **argv);
const struct cmd *parent;
}
#define TOPLEVEL(_name, _args, _nlcmd, _flags, _idby, _handler, _help)
struct cmd
__section ## _ ## _name
__attribute__((used)) __attribute__((section("__cmd"))) = {
.name = (#_name),
.args = (_args),
.cmd = (_nlcmd),
.nl_msg_flags = (_flags),
.idby = (_idby),
.handler = (_handler),
.help = (_help),
}
#define COMMAND(section, name, args, cmd, flags, idby, handler, help)
__COMMAND(&(__section ## _ ## section), name, #name, args, cmd, flags, 0, idby,
handler, help, NULL)
/*指令:iw dev wlan0 info分析*/
/*TOPLEVEL 来定义 scan操作*/
TOPLEVEL(info, NULL, NL80211_CMD_GET_INTERFACE, 0, CIB_NETDEV, handle_interface_info,
"Show information for this interface.");
/*
展开后:
cmd {
.name = info,
.args = NULL,
.cmd = NL80211_CMD_GET_INTERFACE,
.nl_msg_flags = 0,
.idby = CIB_NETDEV,
.handler = handle_interface_info,
.help = "Show information for this interface.",
};
*/
//cmd->handler()
static int handle_interface_info(struct nl80211_state *state, struct nl_msg *msg,
int argc, char **argv, enum id_input id)
{
register_handler(print_iface_handler, NULL); //注册到回调函数--》valid_handler()
return 0;
}
//格式打印msg消息
static int print_iface_handler(struct nl_msg *msg, void *arg)
{
struct genlmsghdr *gnlh = nlmsg_data(nlmsg_hdr(msg));
printf("%sInterface %sn", indent, nla_get_string(tb_msg[NL80211_ATTR_IFNAME]));
printf("%stifindex %dn", indent, nla_get_u32(tb_msg[NL80211_ATTR_IFINDEX]));
//......
return NL_SKIP;
}
四,iw添加自定义指令
4.1,添加指令:iw dev wlan0 get test_ps
4.1.1,新增test_ps.c
#include <errno.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netlink/genl/genl.h>
#include <netlink/msg.h>
#include <netlink/attr.h>
#include "nl80211.h"
#include "iw.h"
static int print_test_power_save_handler(struct nl_msg *msg, void *arg)
{
struct nlattr *attrs[NL80211_ATTR_MAX + 1];
struct genlmsghdr *gnlh = nlmsg_data(nlmsg_hdr(msg)); //获取netlink的payload
const char *s;
nla_parse(attrs, NL80211_ATTR_MAX, genlmsg_attrdata(gnlh, 0),genlmsg_attrlen(gnlh,
0), NULL); //attrs save data
if (!attrs[NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE]) {
return NL_SKIP;
}
switch (nla_get_u32(attrs[NL80211_ATTR_PS_STATE])) {
case NL80211_PS_ENABLED:
s = "test_on";
break;
case NL80211_PS_DISABLED:
default:
s = "test_off";
break;
}
printf("test power save: %sn", s);
return NL_SKIP;
}
static int get_test_power_save(struct nl80211_state *state,
struct nl_msg *msg,
int argc, char **argv,
enum id_input id)
{
register_handler(print_test_power_save_handler, NULL);
return 0;
}
COMMAND(get, test_ps, "<param>",
NL80211_CMD_GET_POWER_SAVE, 0, CIB_NETDEV, get_test_power_save,
"Retrieve test power save state.");
4.1.2,修改Makefile
4.1.3,测试结果
root@:~# ./iw dev wlan0 get test_ps
test power save: test_off
五,总结
经过对iw工具源码的分析,可以发现解耦性很强,具体的指令实现都是通过某个C文件来实现(如扫描相关的scan.c,如接口相关的interface.c等),并使用了section的方式新增到用户自定义字段中,调用前无需声明,直接通过for_each_cmd()方式查找。
接下来的文章将对cfg80211,mac80211相关知识整理,欢迎订阅公众号【从零开始学无线】,一起学习交流!
http://weixin.qq.com/r/ui9geCjELHVTrWwb93qo (二维码自动识别)