linux lpte_Linux C 编程常用系统函数

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文章标签： linux lpte

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39631689/article/details/111523198

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分类： C/C++

2005-03-28 09:43:16

Linux C 编程常用系统函数

【说明】

一共分为3个小节，1小节给定一个连接，该连接给了一些常用标准c的函数使用说明，但是不够全面。2小结按字母顺序排列，几乎覆盖了c中常用的函数，同时有些函数不在unix系统中支持了。3小节描述了unix系统中常用系统调用的使用说明。

1、【下面这个连接给出了一些c库的函数说明使用例程，但是不够全面，可以作为参考】http://www.ggv.com.cn/forum/clib/clib.html2、【如下对C语言库函数按字母顺序描述,如果上面连接中找不到，可以到这里查找到，需要说明的是，有些函数在新的libc中已经不提供了，如果要查找unix系统常用系统调用函数使用说明，请到小节3查找】代码:

函数名: abort

功能: 异常终止一个进程

用法: void abort(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

printf("Calling abort()

");

abort();

return 0; /* This is never reached */

}

函数名: abs

功能: 求整数的绝对值

用法: int abs(int i);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int number = -1234;

printf("number: %d absolute value: %d

", number, abs(number));

return 0;

}

函数名: absread, abswirte

功能: 绝对磁盘扇区读、写数据

用法: int absread(int drive, int nsects, int sectno, void *buffer);

int abswrite(int drive, int nsects, in tsectno, void *buffer);

程序例:

/* absread example */

#include

int main(void)

{

int i, strt, ch_out, sector;

char buf[512];

printf("Insert a diskette into drive A and press any key

");

getch();

sector = 0;

if (absread(0, 1, sector, &buf) != 0)

{

perror("Disk problem");

exit(1);

}

printf("Read OK

");

strt = 3;

for (i=0; i<80; i++)

{

ch_out = buf[strt+i];

putchar(ch_out);

}

printf("

");

return(0);

}

函数名: access

功能: 确定文件的访问权限

用法: int access(const char *filename, int amode);

程序例:

#include

int file_exists(char *filename);

int main(void)

{

printf("Does NOTEXIST.FIL exist: %s

file_exists("NOTEXISTS.FIL") ? "YES" : "NO");

return 0;

}

int file_exists(char *filename)

{

return (access(filename, 0) == 0);

}

函数名: acos

功能: 反余弦函数

用法: double acos(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 0.5;

result = acos(x);

printf("The arc cosine of %lf is %lf

", x, result);

return 0;

}

函数名: allocmem

功能: 分配DOS存储段

用法: int allocmem(unsigned size, unsigned *seg);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

unsigned int size, segp;

int stat;

size = 64; /* (64 x 16) = 1024 bytes */

stat = allocmem(size, &segp);

if (stat == -1)

printf("Allocated memory at segment: %x

", segp);

else

printf("Failed: maximum number of paragraphs available is %u

stat);

return 0;

}

函数名: arc

功能: 画一弧线

用法: void far arc(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle, int radius);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int midx, midy;

int stangle = 45, endangle = 135;

int radius = 100;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult(); /* an error occurred */

if (errorcode != grOk)

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

", grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */

}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;

midy = getmaxy() / 2;

setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw arc */

arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, radius);

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: asctime

功能: 转换日期和时间为ASCII码

用法: char *asctime(const struct tm *tblock);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

struct tm t;

char str[80];

/* sample loading of tm structure */

t.tm_sec = 1; /* Seconds */

t.tm_min = 30; /* Minutes */

t.tm_hour = 9; /* Hour */

t.tm_mday = 22; /* Day of the Month */

t.tm_mon = 11; /* Month */

t.tm_year = 56; /* Year - does not include century */

t.tm_wday = 4; /* Day of the week */

t.tm_yday = 0; /* Does not show in asctime */

t.tm_isdst = 0; /* Is Daylight SavTime; does not show in asctime */

/* converts structure to null terminated

string */

strcpy(str, asctime(&t));

printf("%s

", str);

return 0;

}

函数名: asin

功能: 反正弦函数

用法: double asin(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 0.5;

result = asin(x);

printf("The arc sin of %lf is %lf

", x, result);

return(0);

}

函数名: assert

功能: 测试一个条件并可能使程序终止

用法: void assert(int test);

程序例:

#include

struct ITEM {

int key;

int value;

};

/* add item to list, make sure list is not null */

void additem(struct ITEM *itemptr) {

assert(itemptr != NULL);

/* add item to list */

}

int main(void)

{

additem(NULL);

return 0;

}

函数名: atan

功能: 反正切函数

用法: double atan(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 0.5;

result = atan(x);

printf("The arc tangent of %lf is %lf

", x, result);

return(0);

}

函数名: atan2

功能: 计算Y/X的反正切值

用法: double atan2(double y, double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 90.0, y = 45.0;

result = atan2(y, x);

printf("The arc tangent ratio of %lf is %lf

", (y / x), result);

return 0;

}

函数名: atexit

功能: 注册终止函数

用法: int atexit(atexit_t func);

程序例:

#include

void exit_fn1(void)

{

printf("Exit function #1 called

");

}

void exit_fn2(void)

{

printf("Exit function #2 called

");

}

int main(void)

{

/* post exit function #1 */

atexit(exit_fn1);

/* post exit function #2 */

atexit(exit_fn2);

return 0;

}

函数名: atof

功能: 把字符串转换成浮点数

用法: double atof(const char *nptr);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

float f;

char *str = "12345.67";

f = atof(str);

printf("string = %s float = %f

", str, f);

return 0;

}

函数名: atoi

功能: 把字符串转换成长整型数

用法: int atoi(const char *nptr);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int n;

char *str = "12345.67";

n = atoi(str);

printf("string = %s integer = %d

", str, n);

return 0;

}

函数名: atol

功能: 把字符串转换成长整型数

用法: long atol(const char *nptr);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

long l;

char *str = "98765432";

l = atol(lstr);

printf("string = %s integer = %ld

", str, l);

return(0);

}

函数名: bar

功能: 画一个二维条形图

用法: void far bar(int left, int top, int right, int bottom);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int midx, midy, i;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

", grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */

}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;

midy = getmaxy() / 2;

/* loop through the fill patterns */

for (i=SOLID_FILL; i{

/* set the fill style */

setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor());

/* draw the bar */

bar(midx-50, midy-50, midx+50,

midy+50);

getch();

}

/* clean up */

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: bar3d

功能: 画一个三维条形图

用法: void far bar3d(int left, int top, int right, int bottom,

int depth, int topflag);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int midx, midy, i;

/* initialize graphics, local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

", grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with error code */

}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;

midy = getmaxy() / 2;

/* loop through the fill patterns */

for (i=EMPTY_FILL; i{

/* set the fill style */

setfillstyle(i, getmaxcolor());

/* draw the 3-d bar */

bar3d(midx-50, midy-50, midx+50, midy+50, 10, 1);

getch();

}

/* clean up */

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: bdos

功能: DOS系统调用

用法: int bdos(int dosfun, unsigned dosdx, unsigned dosal);

程序例:

#include

/* Get current drive as 'A', 'B', ... */

char current_drive(void)

{

char curdrive;

/* Get current disk as 0, 1, ... */

curdrive = bdos(0x19, 0, 0);

return('A' + curdrive);

}

int main(void)

{

printf("The current drive is %c:

", current_drive());

return 0;

}

函数名: bdosptr

功能: DOS系统调用

用法: int bdosptr(int dosfun, void *argument, unsigned dosal);

程序例:

#include

#define BUFLEN 80

int main(void)

{

char buffer[BUFLEN];

int test;

printf("Enter full pathname of a directory

");

gets(buffer);

test = bdosptr(0x3B,buffer,0);

if(test)

{

printf("DOS error message: %d

", errno);

/* See errno.h for error listings */

exit (1);

}

getcwd(buffer, BUFLEN);

printf("The current directory is: %s

", buffer);

return 0;

}

函数名: bioscom

功能: 串行I/O通信

用法: int bioscom(int cmd, char abyte, int port);

程序例:

#include

#define COM1 0

#define DATA_READY 0x100

#define TRUE 1

#define FALSE 0

#define SETTINGS ( 0x80 | 0x02 | 0x00 | 0x00)

int main(void)

{

int in, out, status, DONE = FALSE;

bioscom(0, SETTINGS, COM1);

cprintf("... BIOSCOM [ESC] to exit ...

");

while (!DONE)

{

status = bioscom(3, 0, COM1);

if (status & DATA_READY)

if ((out = bioscom(2, 0, COM1) & 0x7F) != 0)

putch(out);

if (kbhit())

{

if ((in = getch()) == 'x1B')

DONE = TRUE;

bioscom(1, in, COM1);

}

return 0;

}

函数名: biosdisk

功能: 软硬盘I/O

用法: int biosdisk(int cmd, int drive, int head, int track, int sector

int nsects, void *buffer);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int result;

char buffer[512];

printf("Testing to see if drive a: is ready

");

result = biosdisk(4,0,0,0,0,1,buffer);

result &= 0x02;

(result) ? (printf("Drive A: Ready

")) :

(printf("Drive A: Not Ready

"));

return 0;

}

函数名: biosequip

功能: 检查设备

用法: int biosequip(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int result;

char buffer[512];

printf("Testing to see if drive a: is ready

");

result = biosdisk(4,0,0,0,0,1,buffer);

result &= 0x02;

(result) ? (printf("Drive A: Ready

")) :

(printf("Drive A: Not Ready

"));

return 0;

}

函数名: bioskey

功能: 直接使用BIOS服务的键盘接口

用法: int bioskey(int cmd);

程序例:

#include

#define RIGHT 0x01

#define LEFT 0x02

#define CTRL 0x04

#define ALT 0x08

int main(void)

{

int key, modifiers;

/* function 1 returns 0 until a key is pressed */

while (bioskey(1) == 0);

/* function 0 returns the key that is waiting */

key = bioskey(0);

/* use function 2 to determine if shift keys were used */

modifiers = bioskey(2);

if (modifiers)

{

printf("[");

if (modifiers & RIGHT) printf("RIGHT");

if (modifiers & LEFT) printf("LEFT");

if (modifiers & CTRL) printf("CTRL");

if (modifiers & ALT) printf("ALT");

printf("]");

}

/* print out the character read */

if (isalnum(key & 0xFF))

printf("'%c'

", key);

else

printf("%#02x

", key);

return 0;

}

函数名: biosmemory

功能: 返回存储块大小

用法:int biosmemory(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int memory_size;

memory_size = biosmemory(); /* returns value up to 640K */

printf("RAM size = %dK

",memory_size);

return 0;

}

函数名: biosprint

功能: 直接使用BIOS服务的打印机I/O

用法: int biosprint(int cmd, int byte, int port);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

#define STATUS 2 /* printer status command */

#define PORTNUM 0 /* port number for LPT1 */

int status, abyte=0;

printf("Please turn off your printer. Press any key to continue

");

getch();

status = biosprint(STATUS, abyte, PORTNUM);

if (status & 0x01)

printf("Device time out.

");

if (status & 0x08)

printf("I/O error.

");

if (status & 0x10)

printf("Selected.

");

if (status & 0x20)

printf("Out of paper.

");

if (status & 0x40)

printf("Acknowledge.

");

if (status & 0x80)

printf("Not busy.

");

return 0;

}

函数名: biostime

功能: 读取或设置BIOS时间

用法: long biostime(int cmd, long newtime);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

long bios_time;

clrscr();

cprintf("The number of clock ticks since midnight is:

");

cprintf("The number of seconds since midnight is:

");

cprintf("The number of minutes since midnight is:

");

cprintf("The number of hours since midnight is:

");

cprintf("

Press any key to quit:");

while(!kbhit())

{

bios_time = biostime(0, 0L);

gotoxy(50, 1);

cprintf("%lu", bios_time);

gotoxy(50, 2);

cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK);

gotoxy(50, 3);

cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK / 60);

gotoxy(50, 4);

cprintf("%.4f", bios_time / CLK_TCK / 3600);

}

return 0;

}

函数名: brk

功能: 改变数据段空间分配

用法: int brk(void *endds);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

char *ptr;

printf("Changing allocation with brk()

");

ptr = malloc(1);

printf("Before brk() call: %lu bytes free

", coreleft());

brk(ptr+1000);

printf(" After brk() call: %lu bytes free

", coreleft());

return 0;

}

函数名: bsearch

功能: 二分法搜索

用法: void *bsearch(const void *key, const void *base, size_t *nelem,

size_t width, int(*fcmp)(const void *, const *));

程序例:

#include

#define NELEMS(arr) (sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]))

int numarray[] = {123, 145, 512, 627, 800, 933};

int numeric (const int *p1, const int *p2)

{

return(*p1 - *p2);

}

int lookup(int key)

{

int *itemptr;

/* The cast of (int(*)(const void *,const void*))

is needed to avoid a type mismatch error at

compile time */

itemptr = bsearch (&key, numarray, NELEMS(numarray),

sizeof(int), (int(*)(const void *,const void *))numeric);

return (itemptr != NULL);

}

int main(void)

{

if (lookup(512))

printf("512 is in the table.

");

else

printf("512 isn't in the table.

");

return 0;

}

函数名: cabs

功能: 计算复数的绝对值

用法: double cabs(struct complex z);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

struct complex z;

double val;

z.x = 2.0;

z.y = 1.0;

val = cabs(z);

printf("The absolute value of %.2lfi %.2lfj is %.2lf", z.x, z.y, val);

return 0;

}

函数名: calloc

功能: 分配主存储器

用法: void *calloc(size_t nelem, size_t elsize);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

char *str = NULL;

/* allocate memory for string */

str = calloc(10, sizeof(char));

/* copy "Hello" into string */

strcpy(str, "Hello");

/* display string */

printf("String is %s

", str);

/* free memory */

free(str);

return 0;

}

函数名: ceil

功能: 向上舍入

用法: double ceil(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double number = 123.54;

double down, up;

down = floor(number);

up = ceil(number);

printf("original number %5.2lf

", number);

printf("number rounded down %5.2lf

", down);

printf("number rounded up %5.2lf

", up);

return 0;

}

函数名: cgets

功能: 从控制台读字符串

用法: char *cgets(char *str);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

char buffer[83];

char *p;

/* There's space for 80 characters plus the NULL terminator */

buffer[0] = 81;

printf("Input some chars:");

p = cgets(buffer);

printf("

cgets read %d characters: "%s"

", buffer[1], p);

printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p

", p, &buffer);

/* Leave room for 5 characters plus the NULL terminator */

buffer[0] = 6;

printf("Input some chars:");

p = cgets(buffer);

printf("

cgets read %d characters: "%s"

", buffer[1], p);

printf("The returned pointer is %p, buffer[0] is at %p

", p, &buffer);

return 0;

}

函数名: chdir

功能: 改变工作目录

用法: int chdir(const char *path);

程序例:

#include

char old_dir[MAXDIR];

char new_dir[MAXDIR];

int main(void)

{

if (getcurdir(0, old_dir))

{

perror("getcurdir()");

exit(1);

}

printf("Current directory is: \%s

", old_dir);

if (chdir("\"))

{

perror("chdir()");

exit(1);

}

if (getcurdir(0, new_dir))

{

perror("getcurdir()");

exit(1);

}

printf("Current directory is now: \%s

", new_dir);

printf("

Changing back to orignal directory: \%s

", old_dir);

if (chdir(old_dir))

{

perror("chdir()");

exit(1);

}

return 0;

}

函数名: _chmod, chmod

功能: 改变文件的访问方式

用法: int chmod(const char *filename, int permiss);

程序例:

#include

void make_read_only(char *filename);

int main(void)

{

make_read_only("NOTEXIST.FIL");

make_read_only("MYFILE.FIL");

return 0;

}

void make_read_only(char *filename)

{

int stat;

stat = chmod(filename, S_IREAD);

if (stat)

printf("Couldn't make %s read-only

", filename);

else

printf("Made %s read-only

", filename);

}

函数名: chsize

功能: 改变文件大小

用法: int chsize(int handle, long size);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int handle;

char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* create text file containing 10 bytes */

handle = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT);

write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

/* truncate the file to 5 bytes in size */

chsize(handle, 5);

/* close the file */

close(handle);

return 0;

}

函数名: circle

功能: 在给定半径以(x, y)为圆心画圆

用法: void far circle(int x, int y, int radius);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int midx, midy;

int radius = 100;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

", grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */

}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;

midy = getmaxy() / 2;

setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw the circle */

circle(midx, midy, radius);

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: cleardevice

功能: 清除图形屏幕

用法: void far cleardevice(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int midx, midy;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

", grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */

}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;

midy = getmaxy() / 2;

setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* for centering screen messages */

settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

/* output a message to the screen */

outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to clear the screen:");

/* wait for a key */

getch();

/* clear the screen */

cleardevice();

/* output another message */

outtextxy(midx, midy, "press any key to quit:");

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: clearerr

功能: 复位错误标志

用法:void clearerr(FILE *stream);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

FILE *fp;

char ch;

/* open a file for writing */

fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* force an error condition by attempting to read */

ch = fgetc(fp);

printf("%c

",ch);

if (ferror(fp))

{

/* display an error message */

printf("Error reading from DUMMY.FIL

");

/* reset the error and EOF indicators */

clearerr(fp);

}

fclose(fp);

return 0;

}

函数名: clearviewport

功能: 清除图形视区

用法: void far clearviewport(void);

程序例:

#include

#define CLIP_ON 1 /* activates clipping in viewport */

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int ht;

/* initialize graphics and local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

", grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */

}

setcolor(getmaxcolor());

ht = textheight("W");

/* message in default full-screen viewport */

outtextxy(0, 0, "*

/* create a smaller viewport */

setviewport(50, 50, getmaxx()-50, getmaxy()-50, CLIP_ON);

/* display some messages */

outtextxy(0, 0, "* outtextxy(0, 2*ht, "Press any key to clear viewport:");

/* wait for a key */

getch();

/* clear the viewport */

clearviewport();

/* output another message */

outtextxy(0, 0, "Press any key to quit:");

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: _close, close

功能: 关闭文件句柄

用法: int close(int handle);

程序例:

#include

main()

{

int handle;

char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* create a file containing 10 bytes */

handle = open("NEW.FIL", O_CREAT);

if (handle > -1)

{

write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

/* close the file */

close(handle);

}

else

{

printf("Error opening file

");

}

return 0;

}

函数名: clock

功能: 确定处理器时间

用法: clock_t clock(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

clock_t start, end;

start = clock();

delay(2000);

end = clock();

printf("The time was: %f

", (end - start) / CLK_TCK);

return 0;

}

函数名: closegraph

功能: 关闭图形系统

用法: void far closegraph(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int x, y;

/* initialize graphics mode */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error

occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

", grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error code */

}

x = getmaxx() / 2;

y = getmaxy() / 2;

/* output a message */

settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);

outtextxy(x, y, "Press a key to close the graphics system:");

/* wait for a key */

getch();

/* closes down the graphics system */

closegraph();

printf("We're now back in text mode.

");

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: clreol

功能: 在文本窗口中清除字符到行末

用法: void clreol(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

clrscr();

cprintf("The function CLREOL clears all characters from the

");

cprintf("cursor position to the end of the line within the

");

cprintf("current text window, without moving the cursor.

");

cprintf("Press any key to continue . . .");

gotoxy(14, 4);

getch();

clreol();

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: clrscr

功能: 清除文本模式窗口

用法: void clrscr(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int i;

clrscr();

for (i = 0; i < 20; i++)

cprintf("%d

", i);

cprintf("

Press any key to clear screen");

getch();

clrscr();

cprintf("The screen has been cleared!");

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: coreleft

功能: 返回未使用内存的大小

用法: unsigned coreleft(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

printf("The difference between the highest allocated block and

");

printf("the top of the heap is: %lu bytes

", (unsigned long) coreleft());

return 0;

}

函数名: cos

功能: 余弦函数

用法: double cos(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 0.5;

result = cos(x);

printf("The cosine of %lf is %lf

", x, result);

return 0;

}

函数名: cosh

功能: 双曲余弦函数

用法: dluble cosh(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 0.5;

result = cosh(x);

printf("The hyperboic cosine of %lf is %lf

", x, result);

return 0;

}

函数名: country

功能: 返回与国家有关的信息

用法: struct COUNTRY *country(int countrycode, struct country *country);

程序例:

#include

#define USA 0

int main(void)

{

struct COUNTRY country_info;

country(USA, &country_info);

printf("The currency symbol for the USA is: %s

country_info.co_curr);

return 0;

}

函数名: cprintf

功能: 送格式化输出至屏幕

用法: int cprintf(const char *format[, argument, ...]);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* clear the screen */

clrscr();

/* create a text window */

window(10, 10, 80, 25);

/* output some text in the window */

cprintf("Hello world

");

/* wait for a key */

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: cputs

功能: 写字符到屏幕

用法: void cputs(const char *string);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* clear the screen */

clrscr();

/* create a text window */

window(10, 10, 80, 25);

/* output some text in the window */

cputs("This is within the window

");

/* wait for a key */

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: _creat creat

功能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件

用法: int creat (const char *filename, int permiss);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int handle;

char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* change the default file mode from text to binary */

_fmode = O_BINARY;

/* create a binary file for reading and writing */

handle = creat("DUMMY.FIL", S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* write 10 bytes to the file */

write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

/* close the file */

close(handle);

return 0;

}

函数名: creatnew

功能: 创建一个新文件

用法: int creatnew(const char *filename, int attrib);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int handle;

char buf[11] = "0123456789";

/* attempt to create a file that doesn't already exist */

handle = creatnew("DUMMY.FIL", 0);

if (handle == -1)

printf("DUMMY.FIL already exists.

");

else

{

printf("DUMMY.FIL successfully created.

");

write(handle, buf, strlen(buf));

close(handle);

}

return 0;

}

函数名: creattemp

功能: 创建一个新文件或重写一个已存在的文件

用法: int creattemp(const char *filename, int attrib);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int handle;

char pathname[128];

strcpy(pathname, "\");

/* create a unique file in the root directory */

handle = creattemp(pathname, 0);

printf("%s was the unique file created.

", pathname);

close(handle);

return 0;

}

函数名: cscanf

功能: 从控制台执行格式化输入

用法: int cscanf(char *format[,argument, ...]);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

char string[80];

/* clear the screen */

clrscr();

/* Prompt the user for input */

cprintf("Enter a string with no spaces:");

/* read the input */

cscanf("%s", string);

/* display what was read */

cprintf("

The string entered is: %s", string);

return 0;

}

函数名: ctime

功能: 把日期和时间转换为字符串

用法: char *ctime(const time_t *time);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

time_t t;

time(&t);

printf("Today's date and time: %s

", ctime(&t));

return 0;

}

函数名: ctrlbrk

功能: 设置Ctrl-Break处理程序

用法: void ctrlbrk(*fptr)(void);

程序例:

#include

#define ABORT 0

int c_break(void)

{

printf("Control-Break pressed. Program aborting ...

");

return (ABORT);

}

int main(void)

{

ctrlbrk(c_break);

for(;;)

{

printf("Looping... Press to quit:

");

}

return 0;

}

函数名: delay

功能: 将程序的执行暂停一段时间(毫秒)

用法: void delay(unsigned milliseconds);

程序例:

/* Emits a 440-Hz tone for 500 milliseconds */

#include

int main(void)

{

sound(440);

delay(500);

nosound();

return 0;

}

函数名: delline

功能: 在文本窗口中删去一行

用法: void delline(void);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

clrscr();

cprintf("The function DELLINE deletes

the line containing the

");

cprintf("cursor and moves all lines

below it one line up.

");

cprintf("DELLINE operates within the

currently active text

");

cprintf("window. Press any key to

continue . . .");

gotoxy(1,2); /* Move the cursor to the

second line and first column */

getch();

delline();

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: detectgraph

功能: 通过检测硬件确定图形驱动程序和模式

用法: void far detectgraph(int far *graphdriver, int far *graphmode);

程序例:

#include

/* names of the various cards supported */

char *dname[] = { "requests detection",

"a CGA",

"an MCGA",

"an EGA",

"a 64K EGA",

"a monochrome EGA",

"an IBM 8514",

"a Hercules monochrome",

"an AT&T 6300 PC",

"a VGA",

"an IBM 3270 PC"

};

int main(void)

{

/* returns detected hardware info. */

int gdriver, gmode, errorcode;

/* detect graphics hardware available */

detectgraph(&gdriver, &gmode);

/* read result of detectgraph call */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk) /* an error

occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1); /* terminate with an error

code */

}

/* display the information detected */

clrscr();

printf("You have %s video display

card.

", dname[gdriver]);

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: difftime

功能: 计算两个时刻之间的时间差

用法: double difftime(time_t time2, time_t time1);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

time_t first, second;

clrscr();

first = time(NULL); /* Gets system

time */

delay(2000); /* Waits 2 secs */

second = time(NULL); /* Gets system time

again */

printf("The difference is: %f

seconds

",difftime(second,first));

getch();

return 0;

}

函数名: disable

功能: 屏蔽中断

用法: void disable(void);

程序例:

/***NOTE: This is an interrupt service

routine. You cannot compile this program

with Test Stack Overflow turned on and

get an executable file that operates

correctly. */

#include

#define INTR 0X1C /* The clock tick

interrupt */

void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void);

int count=0;

void interrupt handler(void)

{

/* disable interrupts during the handling of

the interrupt */

disable();

/* increase the global counter */

count++;

/* reenable interrupts at the end of the

handler */

enable();

/* call the old routine */

oldhandler();

}

int main(void)

{

/* save the old interrupt vector */

oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

/* install the new interrupt handler */

setvect(INTR, handler);

/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */

while (count < 20)

printf("count is %d

",count);

/* reset the old interrupt handler */

setvect(INTR, oldhandler);

return 0;

}

函数名: div

功能: 将两个整数相除, 返回商和余数

用法: div_t (int number, int denom);

程序例:

#include

div_t x;

int main(void)

{

x = div(10,3);

printf("10 div 3 = %d remainder %d

", x.quot, x.rem);

return 0;

}

函数名: dosexterr

功能: 获取扩展DOS错误信息

用法: int dosexterr(struct DOSERR *dblkp);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

FILE *fp;

struct DOSERROR info;

fp = fopen("perror.dat","r");

if (!fp) perror("Unable to open file for

reading");

dosexterr(&info);

printf("Extended DOS error

information:

");

printf(" Extended error:

",info.exterror);

printf(" Class:

",info.class);

printf(" Action:

",info.action);

printf(" Error Locus:

",info.locus);

return 0;

}

函数名: dostounix

功能: 转换日期和时间为UNIX时间格式

用法: long dostounix(struct date *dateptr, struct time *timeptr);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

time_t t;

struct time d_time;

struct date d_date;

struct tm *local;

getdate(&d_date);

gettime(&d_time);

t = dostounix(&d_date, &d_time);

local = localtime(&t);

printf("Time and Date: %s

asctime(local));

return 0;

}

函数名: drawpoly

功能: 画多边形

用法: void far drawpoly(int numpoints, int far *polypoints);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int maxx, maxy;

/* our polygon array */

int poly[10];

/* initialize graphics and local

variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk)

/* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

/* terminate with an error code */

exit(1);

}

maxx = getmaxx();

maxy = getmaxy();

poly[0] = 20; /* 1st vertext */

poly[1] = maxy / 2;

poly[2] = maxx - 20; /* 2nd */

poly[3] = 20;

poly[4] = maxx - 50; /* 3rd */

poly[5] = maxy - 20;

poly[6] = maxx / 2; /* 4th */

poly[7] = maxy / 2;

drawpoly doesn't automatically close

the polygon, so we close it.

poly[8] = poly[0];

poly[9] = poly[1];

/* draw the polygon */

drawpoly(5, poly);

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: dup

功能: 复制一个文件句柄

用法: int dup(int handle);

程序例:

#include

void flush(FILE *stream);

int main(void)

{

FILE *fp;

char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* create a file */

fp = fopen("DUMMY.FIL", "w");

/* write some data to the file */

fwrite(msg, strlen(msg), 1, fp);

clrscr();

printf("Press any key to flush

DUMMY.FIL:");

getch();

/* flush the data to DUMMY.FIL without

closing it */

flush(fp);

printf("

File was flushed, Press any

key to quit:");

getch();

return 0;

}

void flush(FILE *stream)

{

int duphandle;

/* flush TC's internal buffer */

fflush(stream);

/* make a duplicate file handle */

duphandle = dup(fileno(stream));

/* close the duplicate handle to flush the

DOS buffer */

close(duphandle);

}

函数名: dup2

功能: 复制文件句柄

用法: int dup2(int oldhandle, int newhandle);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

#define STDOUT 1

int nul, oldstdout;

char msg[] = "This is a test";

/* create a file */

nul = open("DUMMY.FIL", O_CREAT | O_RDWR,

S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* create a duplicate handle for standard

output */

oldstdout = dup(STDOUT);

redirect standard output to DUMMY.FIL

by duplicating the file handle onto the

file handle for standard output.

dup2(nul, STDOUT);

/* close the handle for DUMMY.FIL */

close(nul);

/* will be redirected into DUMMY.FIL */

write(STDOUT, msg, strlen(msg));

/* restore original standard output

handle */

dup2(oldstdout, STDOUT);

/* close duplicate handle for STDOUT */

close(oldstdout);

return 0;

}

函数名: ecvt

功能: 把一个浮点数转换为字符串

用法: char ecvt(double value, int ndigit, int *decpt, int *sign);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

char *string;

double value;

int dec, sign;

int ndig = 10;

clrscr();

value = 9.876;

string = ecvt(value, ndig, &dec, &sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d

sign = %d

", string, dec, sign);

value = -123.45;

ndig= 15;

string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d sign = %d

string, dec, sign);

value = 0.6789e5; /* scientific

notation */

ndig = 5;

string = ecvt(value,ndig,&dec,&sign);

printf("string = %s dec = %d

sign = %d

", string, dec, sign);

return 0;

}

函数名: ellipse

功能: 画一椭圆

用法: void far ellipse(int x, int y, int stangle, int endangle,

int xradius, int yradius);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

/* request auto detection */

int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;

int midx, midy;

int stangle = 0, endangle = 360;

int xradius = 100, yradius = 50;

/* initialize graphics, local variables */

initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");

/* read result of initialization */

errorcode = graphresult();

if (errorcode != grOk)

/* an error occurred */

{

printf("Graphics error: %s

grapherrormsg(errorcode));

printf("Press any key to halt:");

getch();

exit(1);

/* terminate with an error code */

}

midx = getmaxx() / 2;

midy = getmaxy() / 2;

setcolor(getmaxcolor());

/* draw ellipse */

ellipse(midx, midy, stangle, endangle,

xradius, yradius);

/* clean up */

getch();

closegraph();

return 0;

}

函数名: enable

功能: 开放硬件中断

用法: void enable(void);

程序例:

/* ** NOTE:

This is an interrupt service routine. You can NOT compile this program

with Test Stack Overflow turned on and get an executable file which will

operate correctly.

#include

/* The clock tick interrupt */

#define INTR 0X1C

void interrupt ( *oldhandler)(void);

int count=0;

void interrupt handler(void)

{

disable interrupts during the handling of the interrupt

disable();

/* increase the global counter */

count++;

re enable interrupts at the end of the handler

enable();

/* call the old routine */

oldhandler();

}

int main(void)

{

/* save the old interrupt vector */

oldhandler = getvect(INTR);

/* install the new interrupt handler */

setvect(INTR, handler);

/* loop until the counter exceeds 20 */

while (count < 20)

printf("count is %d

",count);

/* reset the old interrupt handler */

setvect(INTR, oldhandler);

return 0;

}

函数名: eof

功能: 检测文件结束

用法: int eof(int *handle);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int handle;

char msg[] = "This is a test";

char ch;

/* create a file */

handle = open("DUMMY.FIL",

O_CREAT | O_RDWR,

S_IREAD | S_IWRITE);

/* write some data to the file */

write(handle, msg, strlen(msg));

/* seek to the beginning of the file */

lseek(handle, 0L, SEEK_SET);

reads chars from the file until hit EOF

{

read(handle, &ch, 1);

printf("%c", ch);

} while (!eof(handle));

close(handle);

return 0;

}

函数名: exec...

功能: 装入并运行其它程序的函数

用法: int execl(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., argn, NULL);

int execle(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., argn, NULL,

char *envp[]);

int execlp(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, .., NULL);

int execple(char *pathname, char *arg0, arg1, ..., NULL,

char *envp[]);

int execv(char *pathname, char *argv[]);

int execve(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);

int execvp(char *pathname, char *argv[]);

int execvpe(char *pathname, char *argv[], char *envp[]);

程序例:

/* execv example */

#include

void main(int argc, char *argv[])

{

int i;

printf("Command line arguments:

");

for (i=0; iprintf("[%2d] : %s

", i, argv[i]);

printf("About to exec child with arg1 arg2 ...

");

execv("CHILD.EXE", argv);

perror("exec error");

exit(1);

}

函数名: exit

功能: 终止程序

用法: void exit(int status);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

int status;

printf("Enter either 1 or 2

");

status = getch();

/* Sets DOS errorlevel */

exit(status - '0');

/* Note: this line is never reached */

return 0;

}

函数名: exp

功能: 指数函数

用法: double exp(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 4.0;

result = exp(x);

printf("'e' raised to the power

of %lf (e ^ %lf) = %lf

x, x, result);

return 0;

}

函数名: exp

功能: 指数函数

用法: double exp(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

double result;

double x = 4.0;

result = exp(x);

printf("'e' raised to the power

of %lf (e ^ %lf) = %lf

x, x, result);

return 0;

}

函数名: fabs

功能: 返回浮点数的绝对值

用法: double fabs(double x);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

float number = -1234.0;

printf("number: %f absolute value: %f

number, fabs(number));

return 0;

}

函数名: farcalloc

功能: 从远堆栈中申请空间

用法: void far *farcalloc(unsigned long units, unsigned ling unitsz);

程序例:

#include

int main(void)

{

char far *fptr;

char *str = "Hello";

/* allocate memory for the far pointer */

fptr = farcalloc(10, sizeof(char));

/* copy "Hello" into allocated memory */

Note: movedata is used because you

might be in a small data model, in

which case a normal string copy routine

can not be used since it assumes the

pointer size is near.

movedata(FP_SEG(str), FP_OFF(str),

FP_SEG(fptr), FP_OFF(fptr),

strlen(str));

/* display string (note the F modifier) */

printf("Far string is: %Fs

", fptr);

/* free the memory */

farfree(fptr

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linux lpte_Linux C 编程常用系统函数

分类： C/C++2005-03-28 09:43:16Linux C 编程常用系统函数【说明】一共分为3个小节，1小节给定一个连接，该连接给了一些常用标准c的函数使用说明，但是不够全面。2小结按字母顺序排列，几乎覆盖了c中常用的函数，同时有些函数不在unix系统中支持了。3小节描述了unix系统中常用系统调用的使用说明。1、【下面这个连接给出了一些c库的函数说明使用例程，但是不够全面，可以作为参...
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