您可以使用Pandas绘制3D条形图,如下所示:
设定:
arrays = [[2010, 2010, 2010, 2011, 2011, 2011],['A', 'B', 'C', 'A', 'B', 'C']]
tuples = list(zip(*arrays))
index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples(tuples, names=['Year', 'Product'])
df = pd.DataFrame({'Sales': [111, 20, 150, 10, 28, 190]}, index=index)
print (df)
Sales
Year Product
2010 A 111
B 20
C 150
2011 A 10
B 28
C 190
数据整理:
import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
# Set plotting style
plt.style.use('seaborn-white')
对出现在“销售”列中的相似条目(get_group)进行分组,并对其进行迭代,然后再将它们附加到列表中.使用np.hstack将其水平堆叠,形成3d图的z尺寸.
L = []
for i, group in df.groupby(level=1)['Sales']:
L.append(group.values)
z = np.hstack(L).ravel()
让x和y维度上的标签都采用Multi-Index Dataframe各个级别的唯一值.然后,x和y尺寸取这些值的范围.
xlabels = df.index.get_level_values('Year').unique()
ylabels = df.index.get_level_values('Product').unique()
x = np.arange(xlabels.shape[0])
y = np.arange(ylabels.shape[0])
使用np.meshgrid从坐标向量返回坐标矩阵
x_M, y_M = np.meshgrid(x, y, copy=False)
3-D绘图:
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(10, 10))
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
# Making the intervals in the axes match with their respective entries
ax.w_xaxis.set_ticks(x + 0.5/2.)
ax.w_yaxis.set_ticks(y + 0.5/2.)
# Renaming the ticks as they were before
ax.w_xaxis.set_ticklabels(xlabels)
ax.w_yaxis.set_ticklabels(ylabels)
# Labeling the 3 dimensions
ax.set_xlabel('Year')
ax.set_ylabel('Product')
ax.set_zlabel('Sales')
# Choosing the range of values to be extended in the set colormap
values = np.linspace(0.2, 1., x_M.ravel().shape[0])
# Selecting an appropriate colormap
colors = plt.cm.Spectral(values)
ax.bar3d(x_M.ravel(), y_M.ravel(), z*0, dx=0.5, dy=0.5, dz=z, color=colors)
plt.show()
注意:
如果groupby对象不平衡,您仍然可以通过堆叠来实现
并用0填充Nans,然后将其堆叠回去,如下所示:
df = df_multi_index.unstack().fillna(0).stack()
其中df_multi_index.unstack是您的原始多索引数据框.
对于添加到多索引数据框中的新值,将获得以下图表: