java实现接口的关键字_Java 接口关键字 interface

interface这个关键字产生一个完全抽象的类,它根本就没有提供任何具体的实现,它允许创建者确定方法名.参数列表和返回类型,但没有任何方法体,接口只提供了形式,而未提供任何具体实现

一个接口表示:"所有实现了该特定接口的类看起来都像这样".接口被用来建立类与类之间的协议(某些面向对象语言用关键字protocol来完成这一功能.)

要想创建一个接口,需要用interface关键字代替class关键字,就像类一样,可以在interface前添加public关键字(但仅限于该接口在与其同名的文件中被定义),如果不加public,则只有包访问权限,这样就只能在同一个包内可用,接口也可以包含域,但是这些域都隐式地是static和final的

要让一个类遵循某个特定接口(或者是一组接口),需要使用implements关键字,它表示"interface只是它的外貌,但是现在我要声明它如何工作的."除此之外,它看起来很像继承

恰当的原则是优先选择类而不是接口,从类开始,如果接口的必要性变的非常明确,那么就进行重构.

//: interfaces/music5/Music5.java//Interfaces.

packageobject;import static net.mindview.util.Print.*;enumNote{

MIDDLE_C,MIDDLE_D,MIDDLE_F

}interfaceInstrument {//Compile-time constant:

int VALUE = 5; //static & final 可以声明域,但这些域都隐式地是static和final的//Cannot have method definitions:

void play(Note n); //Automatically public//自动的是public

voidadjust();

}class Wind implementsInstrument {public voidplay(Note n) {

print(this + ".play() " +n);

}public String toString() { return "Wind"; }public void adjust() { print(this + ".adjust()"); }

}class Percussion implementsInstrument {public voidplay(Note n) {

print(this + ".play() " +n);

}public String toString() { return "Percussion"; }public void adjust() { print(this + ".adjust()"); }

}class Stringed implementsInstrument {public voidplay(Note n) {

print(this + ".play() " +n);

}public String toString() { return "Stringed"; }public void adjust() { print(this + ".adjust()"); }

}class Brass extendsWind {public String toString() { return "Brass"; }

}class Woodwind extendsWind {public String toString() { return "Woodwind"; }

}public classMusic5 {//Doesn't care about type, so new types//added to the system still work right:

static voidtune(Instrument i) {//...

i.play(Note.MIDDLE_C);

}static voidtuneAll(Instrument[] e) {for(Instrument i : e)

tune(i);

}public static voidmain(String[] args) {//Upcasting during addition to the array:

Instrument[] orchestra ={newWind(),newPercussion(),newStringed(),newBrass(),newWoodwind()

};

tuneAll(orchestra);

}

}/*Output:

Wind.play() MIDDLE_C

Percussion.play() MIDDLE_C

Stringed.play() MIDDLE_C

Brass.play() MIDDLE_C

Woodwind.play() MIDDLE_C*///:~

继承和接口可以在同一个类同时使用

//: polymorphism/Sandwich.java//Order of constructor calls.

packagech08;interfaceFastFood{voidshow();

}classMeal {

Meal() { System.out.println("Meal()"); }

}classBread {

Bread() { System.out.println("Bread()"); }

}classCheese {

Cheese() { System.out.println("Cheese()"); }

}classLettuce {

Lettuce() { System.out.println("Lettuce()"); }

}class Lunch extendsMeal {

Lunch() { System.out.println("Lunch()"); }

}class PortableLunch extendsLunch {

PortableLunch() { System.out.println("PortableLunch()");}

}public class Sandwich extends PortableLunch implementsFastFood{ //继承和接口可以在同一个类同时使用private Bread b = newBread();private Cheese c = newCheese();private Lettuce l = newLettuce();public voidshow()

{

System.out.println("pushing your sandwich order");

}publicSandwich()

{

System.out.println("Sandwich()");

show();

}public static voidmain(String[] args) {newSandwich();

}

}/*Output:

Meal()

Lunch()

PortableLunch()

Bread()

Cheese()

Lettuce()

Sandwich()pushing your sandwich order

*///:~