多示例学习python_python遥感图像裁剪成深度学习样本_支持多波段

前言

如果将图像直接输入到深度学习网络中，会导致内存溢出，因此需要将图像裁剪成图像块输入到网络中。裁剪方法包括规则格网裁剪和滑动窗口裁剪以及随机裁剪。

规则格网裁剪

滑动窗口裁剪

随机裁剪

正文

规则格网裁剪属于重复率为0的滑动窗口裁剪，滑动窗口裁剪代码为：

import os
import gdal
import numpy as np

#  读取tif数据集
def readTif(fileName):
    dataset = gdal.Open(fileName)
    if dataset == None:
        print(fileName + "文件无法打开")
    return dataset
    
#  保存tif文件函数
def writeTiff(im_data, im_geotrans, im_proj, path):
    if 'int8' in im_data.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Byte
    elif 'int16' in im_data.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_UInt16
    else:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Float32
    if len(im_data.shape) == 3:
        im_bands, im_height, im_width = im_data.shape
    elif len(im_data.shape) == 2:
        im_data = np.array([im_data])
        im_bands, im_height, im_width = im_data.shape
    #创建文件
    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")
    dataset = driver.Create(path, int(im_width), int(im_height), int(im_bands), datatype)
    if(dataset!= None):
        dataset.SetGeoTransform(im_geotrans) #写入仿射变换参数
        dataset.SetProjection(im_proj) #写入投影
    for i in range(im_bands):
        dataset.GetRasterBand(i + 1).WriteArray(im_data[i])
    del dataset
    

'''
滑动窗口裁剪函数
TifPath 影像路径
SavePath 裁剪后保存目录
CropSize 裁剪尺寸
RepetitionRate 重复率
'''
def TifCrop(TifPath, SavePath, CropSize, RepetitionRate):
    dataset_img = readTif(TifPath)
    width = dataset_img.RasterXSize
    height = dataset_img.RasterYSize
    proj = dataset_img.GetProjection()
    geotrans = dataset_img.GetGeoTransform()
    img = dataset_img.ReadAsArray(0, 0, width, height)#获取数据
    
    #  获取当前文件夹的文件个数len,并以len+1命名即将裁剪得到的图像
    new_name = len(os.listdir(SavePath)) + 1
    #  裁剪图片,重复率为RepetitionRate
    
    for i in range(int((height - CropSize * RepetitionRate) / (CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)))):
        for j in range(int((width - CropSize * RepetitionRate) / (CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)))):
            #  如果图像是单波段
            if(len(img.shape) == 2):
                cropped = img[int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize, 
                              int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize]
            #  如果图像是多波段
            else:
                cropped = img[:,
                              int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize, 
                              int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize]
            #  写图像
            writeTiff(cropped, geotrans, proj, SavePath + "/%d.tif"%new_name)
            #  文件名 + 1
            new_name = new_name + 1
    #  向前裁剪最后一列
    for i in range(int((height-CropSize*RepetitionRate)/(CropSize*(1-RepetitionRate)))):
        if(len(img.shape) == 2):
            cropped = img[int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize,
                          (width - CropSize) : width]
        else:
            cropped = img[:,
                          int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(i * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize,
                          (width - CropSize) : width]
        #  写图像
        writeTiff(cropped, geotrans, proj, SavePath + "/%d.tif"%new_name)
        new_name = new_name + 1
    #  向前裁剪最后一行
    for j in range(int((width - CropSize * RepetitionRate) / (CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)))):
        if(len(img.shape) == 2):
            cropped = img[(height - CropSize) : height,
                          int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize]
        else:
            cropped = img[:,
                          (height - CropSize) : height,
                          int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) : int(j * CropSize * (1 - RepetitionRate)) + CropSize]
        writeTiff(cropped, geotrans, proj, SavePath + "/%d.tif"%new_name)
        #  文件名 + 1
        new_name = new_name + 1
    #  裁剪右下角
    if(len(img.shape) == 2):
        cropped = img[(height - CropSize) : height,
                      (width - CropSize) : width]
    else:
        cropped = img[:,
                      (height - CropSize) : height,
                      (width - CropSize) : width]
    writeTiff(cropped, geotrans, proj, SavePath + "/%d.tif"%new_name)
    new_name = new_name + 1
     
#  将影像1裁剪为重复率为0.1的256×256的数据集
TifCrop(r"Datadata2tifdata2.tif",
        r"Datatrainimage1", 256, 0.1)
TifCrop(r"Datadata2labellabel.tif",
        r"datatrainlabel1", 256, 0.1)

随机裁剪的话，只需要随机生成裁剪图像的左上角坐标，然后以此为基准取特定大小的矩阵块就可以了。代码：

import random
import gdal
import numpy as np
import os

#  读取tif数据集
def readTif(fileName):
    dataset = gdal.Open(fileName)
    if dataset == None:
        print(fileName + "文件无法打开")
    return dataset
    
#  保存tif文件函数
def writeTiff(im_data, im_geotrans, im_proj, path):
    if 'int8' in im_data.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Byte
    elif 'int16' in im_data.dtype.name:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_UInt16
    else:
        datatype = gdal.GDT_Float32
    if len(im_data.shape) == 3:
        im_bands, im_height, im_width = im_data.shape
    elif len(im_data.shape) == 2:
        im_data = np.array([im_data])
        im_bands, im_height, im_width = im_data.shape
    #创建文件
    driver = gdal.GetDriverByName("GTiff")
    dataset = driver.Create(path, int(im_width), int(im_height), int(im_bands), datatype)
    if(dataset!= None):
        dataset.SetGeoTransform(im_geotrans) #写入仿射变换参数
        dataset.SetProjection(im_proj) #写入投影
    for i in range(im_bands):
        dataset.GetRasterBand(i + 1).WriteArray(im_data[i])
    del dataset
    
'''
随机裁剪函数
ImagePath 原始影像路径
LabelPath 标签影像路径
IamgeSavePath 原始影像裁剪后保存目录
LabelSavePath 标签影像裁剪后保存目录
CropSize 裁剪尺寸
CutNum 裁剪数量
'''
def RandomCrop(ImagePath, LabelPath, IamgeSavePath, LabelSavePath, CropSize, CutNum):
    dataset_img = readTif(ImagePath)
    width = dataset_img.RasterXSize
    height = dataset_img.RasterYSize
    proj = dataset_img.GetProjection()
    geotrans = dataset_img.GetGeoTransform()
    img = dataset_img.ReadAsArray(0,0,width,height)#获取哟昂数据
    dataset_label = readTif(LabelPath)
    label = dataset_label.ReadAsArray(0,0,width,height)#获取标签数据
    
    #  获取当前文件夹的文件个数len,并以len+1命名即将裁剪得到的图像
    fileNum = len(os.listdir(IamgeSavePath))
    new_name = fileNum + 1
    while(new_name < CutNum + fileNum + 1):
        #  生成剪切图像的左上角XY坐标
        UpperLeftX = random.randint(0, height - CropSize)    
        UpperLeftY = random.randint(0, width - CropSize)    
        if(len(img.shape) == 2):
            imgCrop = img[UpperLeftX : UpperLeftX + CropSize,
                          UpperLeftY : UpperLeftY + CropSize]
        else:
            imgCrop = img[:,
                          UpperLeftX : UpperLeftX + CropSize,
                          UpperLeftY : UpperLeftY + CropSize]
        if(len(label.shape) == 2):
            labelCrop = label[UpperLeftX : UpperLeftX + CropSize,
                              UpperLeftY : UpperLeftY + CropSize]
        else:
            labelCrop = label[:,
                              UpperLeftX : UpperLeftX + CropSize,
                              UpperLeftY : UpperLeftY + CropSize]
        writeTiff(imgCrop, geotrans, proj, IamgeSavePath + "/%d.tif"%new_name)
        writeTiff(labelCrop, geotrans, proj, LabelSavePath + "/%d.tif"%new_name)
        new_name = new_name + 1
        
#  裁剪得到300张256*256大小的训练集         
RandomCrop(r"Datadata2tifdata2.tif",
           r"Datadata2labellabel.tif",
           r"Datatrainimage1",
           r"Datatrainlabel1",
           256,300)

其实随机裁剪还可以随机旋转角度，但是一时间没有写出来，有时间会更新的，你们的点赞是我书写的动力！

后记

其实我觉得因为GDAL可以读取指定位置指定尺寸的图像块，所以我觉得可以不用裁剪成一些列图像块，直接在GDAL读取大图像时的代码上做文章就可以，等我有时间会更新的！

欢迎留言交流~