javaweb验证码_JAVA Web学习记录（三）Cookie,Session,JSP

最新推荐文章于 2023-05-18 14:38:59 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-05-18 14:38:59 发布

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JAVA Web学习记录（三）

一.Servlet Response

1.下载文件

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URLEncoder;

public class DownloadImgServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("WEB-INF/classes/bg.jpg");
        String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("")+1);//获得文件名
        //URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8"); 防止文件名是中文，然后乱码
        resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"utf-8"));
        FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(realPath);
        int len = 0;
        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
        ServletOutputStream sos = resp.getOutputStream();
        while ((len = fis.read(buffer))>0)
        {
            sos.write(buffer,0,len);
        }
        sos.close();
        fis.close();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

2.生成验证码

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Random;

public class ImageVCodeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //设置浏览器3秒自动刷新一次
        resp.setHeader("refresh","3");
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(80,20,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
        Graphics2D g = (Graphics2D) image.getGraphics();
        //绘制白底
        g.setColor(Color.white);
        g.fillRect(0,0,80,20);
        //绘制验证码
        g.setColor(Color.blue);
        g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.BOLD,20));
        g.drawString(makeRandNum(),0,20);
        //响应类型
        resp.setContentType("image/jpeg");
        //不让浏览器缓存
        resp.setDateHeader("expires",-1);
        resp.setHeader("Cache-Control","no-cache");
        resp.setHeader("Pragma","no-cache");
        ImageIO.write(image,"jpeg",resp.getOutputStream());
    }

    //生成6位随机数
    private String makeRandNum() {
        Random random = new Random();
        String randNum = random.nextInt(9999999)+"";
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        for (int i = 0;i < 7 - randNum.length();i++)
        {
            sb.append("0");
        }
        sb.append(randNum);
        System.out.println(sb);
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.页面重定向（HttpServletResponse）

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<html>
<body>
	<%--${pageContext.request.contextPath} 代表当前的项目--%>
    <form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/request" method="get">
        用户名:<input type="text" name="username"/>
        密码:<input type="password" name="password"/>
        <input type="submit" />
    </form>
</body>
</html>

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class RequestServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        System.out.println("username="+username+",password="+password);
        resp.sendRedirect(this.getServletContext().getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

重点：

页面重定向： resp.sendRedirect(this.getServletContext().getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");

在Servlet中获取项目当前目录：this.getServletContext().getContextPath()

在Jsp中获取项目当前目录：${pageContext.request.contextPath}

jsp中解决中文乱码：<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>

4.登陆并内部跳转（HttpServletResponse）

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<html>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath}/login" method="post">
    用户名:<input type="text" name="username" />
    密码:<input type="password" name="password"/>
    爱好:<input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="游戏"/>
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="代码"/>
    <input type="checkbox" name="hobby" value="羽毛球"/>
    <input type="submit" value="提交"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Arrays;

public class LoginServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        String username = req.getParameter("username");
        String password = req.getParameter("password");
        String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");
        System.out.println(username);
        System.out.println(password);
        System.out.println(Arrays.toString(hobbies));
        //请求转发，因为是内部转发所以不需要项目的路径  /代表当前web项目
        req.getRequestDispatcher("/success.jsp").forward(req,resp);
//        resp.sendRedirect(req.getServletContext().getContextPath()+"/success.jsp");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

重点：内部跳转不需要项目路径，/代表当前web项目

请求过来的中文信息乱码：req.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

获取多选框信息： String[] hobbies = req.getParameterValues("hobby");

二.Cookie

1.记录访问时间

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.Date;

public class LastLoginTimeServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        resp.setContentType("text/html;");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        Cookie[] cookies = req.getCookies();
        PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
        out.print("你上一次访问的时间是：");
        if (cookies!=null)
        {

            for (int i = 0; i < cookies.length; i++) {
                Cookie cookie = cookies[i];
                String name = cookie.getName();
                if (name.equals("lastLoginTime"))
                {
                    long lastLoginTime = Long.parseLong(cookie.getValue());
                    Date date= new Date(lastLoginTime);
                    out.print(date.toLocaleString());
                }
            }
        }
        Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
        //cookie 有效期为1天 
        cookie.setMaxAge(24*60*60);
        resp.addCookie(cookie);
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
      doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

一个网站cookie是否存在上限！聊聊细节问题！

一个Cookie只能保存一个信息

一个web站点可以给浏览器发送多个cookie，300个cookie浏览器上限

2.删除Cookie

1.不设置有效期，关闭浏览器自动失效

2.设置有效期时间为0

Cookie cookie = new Cookie("lastLoginTime",System.currentTimeMillis()+"");
cookie.setMaxAge(0);
resp.addCookie(cookie);

3.编码解码

解决乱码问题

URLEncoder.encode("世界","GBK");
URLDecoder.decode(cookie.getValue(),"GBK");

细节：

重写doGet方法时，super.doGet(req,resp)；得删掉，不然会报405错误

intellij idea for循环遍历数组.for 或者数组.fori 或者数组.forr

三.Session

1.创建Session

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

public class SessionServlet1 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.setAttribute("name","世界");
        String sessionID = session.getId();
        PrintWriter printWriter = resp.getWriter();
        if (session.isNew())
        {
            printWriter.print("session创建成功,id="+sessionID);
        }
        else
        {
            printWriter.print("session已经在服务器上创建,id="+sessionID);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

2.获取Session信息

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionServlet2 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //解决乱码
        req.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");

        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        String name = (String) session.getAttribute("name");

        resp.getWriter().print(name);

    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

3.删除Session

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;
import java.io.IOException;

public class SessionServlet3 extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        HttpSession session = req.getSession();
        session.removeAttribute("name");
        //删除更新Session
        session.invalidate();
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        doGet(req, resp);
    }
}

4.设置Session自动失效

<!--  设置session失效时间为1分钟 -->
  <session-config>
    <session-timeout>1</session-timeout>
  </session-config>

5.Session和Cookie的区别

Cookie是把用户的数据给浏览器，浏览器保存（可以保存多个）
Session把用户的数据写到用户独占Session中，服务器端保存（保存重要信息，减少服务器资源的浪费）
Session对象由服务器创建

Cookie：把你要存的内容整个都给浏览器

Session：只把id给客户端，存的内容在服务器，根据id在服务器中获取

四.JSP

1.JSP原理

在IDEA有一个work目录，发现把index.jsp文件变成了java程序

浏览器不管访问什么资源，其实是都是在访问Servlet！

HttpJspBase继承HttpServlet！

JSP本质上就是一个Servlet

生命周期

//初始化
public void _jspInit() {
}
//销毁
public void _jspDestroy() {
}
//Service
public void _jspService(final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest request, final javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse response)
    throws java.io.IOException, javax.servlet.ServletException {

内置对象

final javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext pageContext;        //页面上下文        
javax.servlet.http.HttpSession session = null;          //session
final javax.servlet.ServletContext application;         //applicationContext
final javax.servlet.ServletConfig config;               //config
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter out = null;                 //out
final java.lang.Object page = this;                     //page：当前
javax.servlet.jsp.JspWriter _jspx_out = null;           //请求 
javax.servlet.jsp.PageContext _jspx_page_context = null;//响应

输出页面

response.setContentType("text/html");
pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
         null, true, 8192, true);
_jspx_page_context = pageContext;
application = pageContext.getServletContext();
config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
session = pageContext.getSession();
out = pageContext.getOut();
_jspx_out = out;

out.write("<html>n");
out.write("<body>n");
out.write("<h2>Hello World!</h2>n");
out.write("</body>n");
out.write("</html>n");

以上这些对象可以在jsp中直接使用！！

在JSP页面中，

只要是JAVA代码，就会原封不动的输出

如果是HTML代码，就会被转换为

out.write("");

这样的格式

比如：

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=utf-8" pageEncoding="utf-8"%>
<html>
<body>
<h2>Hello World!</h2>
</body>
<% String name = "世界"; %>
<%=name%>
</html>

     response.setContentType("text/html; charset=utf-8");
     pageContext = _jspxFactory.getPageContext(this, request, response,
             null, true, 8192, true);
     _jspx_page_context = pageContext;
     application = pageContext.getServletContext();
     config = pageContext.getServletConfig();
     session = pageContext.getSession();
     out = pageContext.getOut();
     _jspx_out = out;

     out.write("n");
     out.write("<html>n");
     out.write("<body>n");
     out.write("<h2>Hello World!</h2>n");
     out.write("</body>n");
String name = "世界"; 
     out.write('n');
     out.print(name);
     out.write("n");
     out.write("</html>n");

2.JSP语法

jsp表达式
<%-- 作用：用来将程序的输出，输出到客户端 <%= 变量或者表达式%>--%> <%= new Date()%>
jsp脚本片段

<%--jsp脚本片段--%>
<%
  int sum = 0;
  for (int i = 1; i <= 100 ; i++) {
    sum+=i;
  }
  out.println("<h1>sum="+sum+"</h1>");
%>
<%--在代码中插入html元素--%>
<% for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {

%>
<h1>Hello,World<%=i%></h1>
<%
  }
%>

jsp声明

<%--  jsp声明--%>
<%!
  static
  {
    System.out.println("Loading Servlet");
  }
  private int globalVar = 0;
  public void test()
  {
    System.out.println("进入了方法test()");
  }
%>

jsp的声明会被编译到生成的java类中，其它的会被编译到_jspService方法中

注释
 <%--我是jsp注释--%>
el表达式
${i} i算是个变量

3.JSP内置对象

PageContext 存东西
Request 存东西
Response
Sesssion 存东西
Application【ServletContext】存东西
config【ServletConfig】
out
page
exception

存取数据：

<%
   pageContext.setAttribute("name1","hjc1");
   //保存的数据只在一个页面中有效
   request.setAttribute("name2","hjc2");
   //保存的是数据只在一个请求中有效，请求转发会携带这个数据
   session.setAttribute("name3","hjc3");
   //保存的数据只在一次会话中有效，从打开浏览器到关闭浏览器
   application.setAttribute("name4","hjc4");
	//保存的数据只在服务器中有效，从打开服务器到关闭服务器
%>
<%
    //从pageContext中取出,我们通过寻找的方式来
    ///从底层到高层（作用域）：page->request->session->application
    //JVM：双亲委派机制
    String name1 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name1");
    String name2 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name2");
    String name3 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name3");
    String name4 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name4");
    String name5 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name5");//不存在
%>
<%--使用el表达式输出 el表达式为null则不会输出 <%=%>则会输出 --%>
<h1>取出的值为:</h1>
<h3>${name1}</h3>   //打印hjc1
<h3>${name2}</h3>   //打印hjc2
<h3>${name3}</h3>   //打印hjc3
<h3>${name4}</h3>   //打印hjc4
<h3><%=name5%></h3> //打印null
</body>

拓展：JVM双亲委派机制

寻找类从rt.jar->拓展类->应用

比如你自己建了一个类叫String，这个类在java.lang下，但是这个类是不生效的，你只能使用系统的java.lang下的String类

在另外一个页面显示显示数据：

<%
    //从pageContext中输出
    String name1 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name1");
    String name2 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name2");
    String name3 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name3");
    String name4 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name4");
    String name5 = (String) pageContext.findAttribute("name5");//不存在
%>
<%--使用el表达式输出 el表达式为null则不会输出 <%=%>则会输出 --%>
<h1>取出的值为:</h1>
<h3>${name1}</h3>
<h3>${name2}</h3>
<h3>${name3}</h3>
<h3>${name4}</h3>
<h3><%=name5%></h3>

name3和name4会被显示

如果是转发到这个页面，name2也会被显示

转发页面的代码：

pageContext.forward("/pageContextDemo02.jsp");

总结

request：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，用户看完没用了，比如：新闻

session：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，与用户看完一会还有用，比如：购物车

application：客户端向服务器发送请求，产生的数据，与用户看完一会还有用，其他用户还可能使用，比如：聊天数据

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javaweb验证码_JAVA Web学习记录（三）Cookie,Session,JSP

JAVA Web学习记录（三）一.Servlet Response1.下载文件import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequ...
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