python turtle渐变色_如何在matplotlib中绘制渐变色线？

我最近用类似的请求（creating over 20 unique legend colors using matplotlib）回答了一个问题。在这里，我展示了你可以将绘制线条所需的颜色循环映射到颜色映射。可以使用相同的过程为每对点获取特定颜色。

您应该仔细选择颜色映射，因为如果颜色映射是彩色的，则沿线条的颜色转换可能会显得剧烈。

或者，可以更改每条线段的alpha，范围从0到1。

下面的代码示例中包含一个例程（highResPoints），用于扩展随机行走的点数，因为如果点数太少，则转换可能会非常剧烈。这段代码的灵感来自我最近提供的另一个答案：https://stackoverflow.com/a/8253729/717357import numpy as np

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def highResPoints(x,y,factor=10):

'''

Take points listed in two vectors and return them at a higher

resultion. Create at least factor*len(x) new points that include the

original points and those spaced in between.

Returns new x and y arrays as a tuple (x,y).

'''

# r is the distance spanned between pairs of points

r = [0]

for i in range(1,len(x)):

dx = x[i]-x[i-1]

dy = y[i]-y[i-1]

r.append(np.sqrt(dx*dx+dy*dy))

r = np.array(r)

# rtot is a cumulative sum of r, it's used to save time

rtot = []

for i in range(len(r)):

rtot.append(r[0:i].sum())

rtot.append(r.sum())

dr = rtot[-1]/(NPOINTS*RESFACT-1)

xmod=[x[0]]

ymod=[y[0]]

rPos = 0 # current point on walk along data

rcount = 1

while rPos < r.sum():

x1,x2 = x[rcount-1],x[rcount]

y1,y2 = y[rcount-1],y[rcount]

dpos = rPos-rtot[rcount]

theta = np.arctan2((x2-x1),(y2-y1))

rx = np.sin(theta)*dpos+x1

ry = np.cos(theta)*dpos+y1

xmod.append(rx)

ymod.append(ry)

rPos+=dr

while rPos > rtot[rcount+1]:

rPos = rtot[rcount+1]

rcount+=1

if rcount>rtot[-1]:

break

return xmod,ymod

#CONSTANTS

NPOINTS = 10

COLOR='blue'

RESFACT=10

MAP='winter' # choose carefully, or color transitions will not appear smoooth

# create random data

np.random.seed(101)

x = np.random.rand(NPOINTS)

y = np.random.rand(NPOINTS)

fig = plt.figure()

ax1 = fig.add_subplot(221) # regular resolution color map

ax2 = fig.add_subplot(222) # regular resolution alpha

ax3 = fig.add_subplot(223) # high resolution color map

ax4 = fig.add_subplot(224) # high resolution alpha

# Choose a color map, loop through the colors, and assign them to the color

# cycle. You need NPOINTS-1 colors, because you'll plot that many lines

# between pairs. In other words, your line is not cyclic, so there's

# no line from end to beginning

cm = plt.get_cmap(MAP)

ax1.set_color_cycle([cm(1.*i/(NPOINTS-1)) for i in range(NPOINTS-1)])

for i in range(NPOINTS-1):

ax1.plot(x[i:i+2],y[i:i+2])

ax1.text(.05,1.05,'Reg. Res - Color Map')

ax1.set_ylim(0,1.2)

# same approach, but fixed color and

# alpha is scale from 0 to 1 in NPOINTS steps

for i in range(NPOINTS-1):

ax2.plot(x[i:i+2],y[i:i+2],alpha=float(i)/(NPOINTS-1),color=COLOR)

ax2.text(.05,1.05,'Reg. Res - alpha')

ax2.set_ylim(0,1.2)

# get higher resolution data

xHiRes,yHiRes = highResPoints(x,y,RESFACT)

npointsHiRes = len(xHiRes)

cm = plt.get_cmap(MAP)

ax3.set_color_cycle([cm(1.*i/(npointsHiRes-1))

for i in range(npointsHiRes-1)])

for i in range(npointsHiRes-1):

ax3.plot(xHiRes[i:i+2],yHiRes[i:i+2])

ax3.text(.05,1.05,'Hi Res - Color Map')

ax3.set_ylim(0,1.2)

for i in range(npointsHiRes-1):

ax4.plot(xHiRes[i:i+2],yHiRes[i:i+2],

alpha=float(i)/(npointsHiRes-1),

color=COLOR)

ax4.text(.05,1.05,'High Res - alpha')

ax4.set_ylim(0,1.2)

fig.savefig('gradColorLine.png')

plt.show()

此图显示了四种情况：