python运算符重载_Python运算符重载

运算符重载

在Python语言中提供了类似于C++的运算符重在功能：

一下为Python运算符重在调用的方法如下：

Method        Overloads        Call for

__init__        构造函数        X=Class()

__del__        析构函数        对象销毁

__add__        +                X+Y,X+=Y

__or__        |                X|Y,X|=Y

__repr__        打印转换        print X，repr(X)

__str__        打印转换        print X，str(X)

__call__        调用函数        X()

__getattr_    限制            X.undefine

__setattr__    取值            X.any=value

__getitem__    索引            X[key]，

For If

__len__        长度            len(X)

__cmp__        比较            X==Y,X

__lt__        小于            X

__eq__        等于            X=Y

__radd__        Right-Side +        +X

__iadd__        +=                X+=Y

__iter__        迭代            For In

7.1    减法重载

Python代码

class Number:

def __init__(self, start):

self.data = start

def __sub__(self, other): #minus method

return Number(self.data - other)

number = Number(20)

y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method

class Number: def __init__(self, start): self.data = start def __sub__(self, other): #minus method return Number(self.data - other)number = Number(20)y = number – 10 # invoke __sub__ method

7.2    迭代重载

Python代码

class indexer:

def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override

return index ** 2

X = indexer()

X[2]

for i in range(5):

print X[i]

class indexer: def __getitem__(self, index): #iter override return index ** 2X = indexer()X[2]for i in range(5): print X[i]

7.3    索引重载

Python代码

class stepper:

def __getitem__(self, i):

return self.data[i]

X = stepper()

X.data = 'Spam'

X[1] #call __getitem__

for item in X: #call __getitem__

print item

class stepper: def __getitem__(self, i): return self.data[i] X = stepper()X.data = 'Spam'X[1] #call __getitem__for item in X: #call __getitem__    print item

7.4    getAttr/setAttr重载

Python代码

class empty:

def __getattr__(self,attrname):

if attrname == 'age':

return 40

else:

raise AttributeError,attrname

X = empty()

print X.age #call__getattr__

class accesscontrol:

def __setattr__(self, attr, value):

if attr == 'age':

# Self.attrname = value loops!

self.__dict__[attr] = value

else:

print attr

raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'

X = accesscontrol()

X.age = 40      #call __setattr__

X.name = 'wang' #raise exception

class empty: def __getattr__(self,attrname): if attrname == 'age': return 40 else: raise AttributeError,attrnameX = empty()print X.age #call__getattr__class accesscontrol: def __setattr__(self, attr, value): if attr == 'age': # Self.attrname = value loops! self.__dict__[attr] = value else: print attr raise AttributeError, attr + 'not allowed'X = accesscontrol()X.age = 40 #call __setattr__X.name = 'wang' #raise exception

7.5    打印重载

Python代码

class adder:

def __init__(self, value=0):

self.data = value

def __add__(self, other):

self.data += other

class addrepr(adder):

def __repr__(self):

return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data

x = addrepr(2)  #run __init__

x + 1       #run __add__

print x     #run __repr__

class adder: def __init__(self, value=0): self.data = value def __add__(self, other): self.data += otherclass addrepr(adder): def __repr__(self): return 'addrepr(%s)' % self.data x = addrepr(2) #run __init__x + 1 #run __add__print x #run __repr__

7.6    Call调用函数重载

Python代码

class Prod:

def __init__(self, value):

self.value = value

def __call__(self, other):

return self.value * other

p = Prod(2) #call __init__

print p(1) #call __call__

print p(2)

class Prod: def __init__(self, value): self.value = value def __call__(self, other): return self.value * otherp = Prod(2) #call __init__print p(1) #call __call__print p(2)

7.7    析构函数重载

Python代码

class Life:

def __init__(self, name='name'):

print 'Hello', name

self.name = name

def __del__(self):

print 'Goodby', self.name

brain = Life('Brain') #call __init__

brain = 'loretta'    # call __del__