python os path_Python os.path.commonpath()用法及代码示例

Python中的OS模块提供了与操作系统进行交互的功能。操作系统属于Python的标准实用程序模块。该模块提供了使用依赖于操作系统的功能的便携式方法。 os.path模块是Python中OS模块的子模块，用于通用路径名操作。

os.path.commonpath()Python中的方法用于获取路径列表中最长的通用sub-path。如果指定的路径列表包含绝对路径和相对路径，或者为空，则此方法引发ValueError。不像os.path.commonpath()方法，返回的值是有效路径。

例如，考虑以下路径列表：

list of paths Longest common sub-path

['/home/User/Photos', /home/User/Videos'] /home/User

['/usr/local/bin', '/usr/lib'] /usr

用法： os.path.commonpath(list)

参数：

path：path-like对象的列表。 path-like对象是表示路径的字符串或字节对象。

返回类型：此方法返回一个字符串值，该字符串值表示指定列表中最长的公用sub-path。

代码1：使用os.path.commonpath()方法

# Python program to explain os.path.commonpath() method

# importing os module

import os

# List of Paths

paths = ['/home/User/Desktop', '/home/User/Documents',

'/home/User/Downloads']

# Get the

# longest common sub-path

# in the specified list

prefix = os.path.commonpath(paths)

# Print the

# longest common sub-path

# in the specified list

print("Longest common sub-path:", prefix)

# List of Paths

paths = ['/usr/local/bin', '/usr/bin']

# Get the

# longest common sub-path

# in the specified list

prefix = os.path.commonpath(paths)

# Print the

# longest common sub-path

# in the specified list

print("Longest common sub-path:", prefix)

输出：

Longest common sub-path: /home/User

Longest common sub-path: /usr

代码2：使用os.path.commonpath()方法

# Python program to explain os.path.commonpath() method

# importing os module

import os

# List of Paths

paths = ['/usr/local/bin', 'usr/bin']

# Get the

# longest common sub-path

# in the specified list

prefix = os.path.commonpath(paths)

# Print the

# longest common sub-path

# in the specified list

print("Longest common sub-path:", prefix)

# The above code will raise

# ValueError as list of paths

# contains both absolute and

# relative path

输出：

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "oscommonpath.py", line 12, in

prefix = os.path.commonpath(paths)

File "/usr/lib/python3.6/posixpath.py", line 505, in commonpath

raise ValueError("Can't mix absolute and relative paths") from None

ValueError: Can't mix absolute and relative paths

注意：如果指定的列表为空，os.path.commonpath()方法也会引发ValueError。