python集合元组列表字典_Python基础-列表_元组_字典_集合

本节内容

列表、元组操作

字符串操作

字典操作

集合操作

文件操作

字符编码与转码

1. 列表、元组操作

列表是我们最以后最常用的数据类型之一，通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的存储、修改等操作

定义列表示例

1 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]

通过下标访问列表中的元素，下标从0开始计数

1 >>>names[0]2 'ZhangYang'

切片示例1

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 #!/usr/bin/env python

6 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

7 #Author: huzhihua

8

9 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

10 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]11

12 print(names)13 print(names[0],names[2])14 print(names[1:3]) #这就是切片(从0开始切，0就是ZhangYang)

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']2 ZhangYang Xiangpeng3 ['Guyun', 'Xiangpeng']

切片示例2

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7

8 print(names)9 print(names[0],names[2])10 print(names[1:3]) #这就是切片(从0开始，取下标1至下标3之间的数字，包括1，不包括3)

11print(names[3]) #取第3个值，从0从始取12print(names[-2]) #在不知道是多长的情况下，取出最后2个位置13print(names[-2:]) #要取最后面的值，把-1省略掉14print(names[0:3]) #取从0-315print(names[:3]) #如果是从头开始取，0可以忽略，跟上句效果一样

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']2 ZhangYang Xiangpeng3 ['Guyun', 'Xiangpeng']4 XuLiangChen5 Xiangpeng6 ['Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']7 ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng']8 ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng']

追加示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行

8 print(names)

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']

插入示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行

8 names.insert(1,"nulige") #插到那个位置 就写那个位置

9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入3的位置，不能批量插入

10 print(names)

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'nulige', 'Guyun', 'Xinzhiyu''Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']

修改示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行

8 names.insert(1,"nulige") #插到那个位置 就写那个位置

9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入3的位置，不能批量插入

10 names[2] ="XieDi" 　　　　　　 #修改

11 print(names)

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'nulige', 'XieDi', 'Xinzhiyu', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']

删除示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7 names.append("LeiHaidong") #追加到最后一行

8 names.insert(1,"Nulige") #插到那个位置 就写那个位置

9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入3的位置，不能批量插入

10 names[2] ="XieDi"

11

12 #delete

13 names.remove("Nulige") #删除Nulige14 del names[1]15 print(names)

执行效果：

删除前效果：

['ZhangYang', 'Nulige', 'XieDi', 'Xinzhiyu', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']

删除后效果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'Xinzhiyu', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']

index示例

查找XieDi的位置，并将找到的结果打印出来

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7

8 #查找XieDi的位置，并将找到的结果打印出来

9 print(names)10 print(names.index("XieDi")) #找到XieDi

11 print(names[names.index("XieDi")]) #把他打印出来

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'Guyun', 'XieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']2 2

3 XieDi

拷贝示例1

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","xXieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]6 names2 =names.copy()7 print(names)8 print(names2)

执行结果:

1 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'xXieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']2 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'xXieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']

拷贝示例2

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","XiangPeng","ChenRonghua"]6 names2 =names.copy()7 print(names)8 print(names2)9 names[2] = "向鹏"

10 print(names)

执行结果：

1 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'XiangPeng', 'ChenRonghua']2 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'XiangPeng', 'ChenRonghua']3 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', '向鹏', 'ChenRonghua']

拷贝示例3

1、浅拷贝

示例1

浅拷贝就是浅浅的copy一层

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4 #import copy

5 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","XiangPeng",["alex","jack"],"ChenRonghua"]6 names2 =names.copy()7 print(names)8 print(names2)9 names[2] = "向鹏"

10 names[3][0] = "ALEXANDER" #注意：复制列表，只会复制一层

11 print(names)12 print(names2)

执行结果:

1 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'XiangPeng', ['alex', 'jack'], 'ChenRonghua']2 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'XiangPeng', ['alex', 'jack'], 'ChenRonghua']3 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', '向鹏', ['ALEXANDER', 'jack'], 'ChenRonghua']4 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'XiangPeng', ['ALEXANDER', 'jack'], 'ChenRonghua'] #只拷贝了第一层，所以向鹏没有变

示例2

运行结果报错，后期再解决

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 importcopy6

7 person=['name',['a',100]]8 #p1=copy.deepcopy(person)

9 p1=copy.copy(person)10 p2=person[:]11 p3=list(person)

结果省略...

示例3

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 person = ['name',['saving',100]]6 p1=person[:]7 p2=person[:]8 p1[0]='alex'

9 p2[0]='fenjie'

10 p1[1][1]=50 #浅拷贝的作用，用于创建联合账号(100元，两人的两个账号各分一半，变成两个50元)

11 print(p1)12 print(p2)

执行结果:

1 ['alex', ['saving', 50]]2 ['fenjie', ['saving', 50]]

2、深拷贝

此实验还有点小问题，后期修改。

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 importcopy6

7 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","XiangPeng",["alex","jack"],"ChenRonghua"]8 #names2 = names.copy()

9 #names2 = copy.copy(names)

10 names2 =copy.deepcopy(names)11 print(names)12 print(names2)13 names[2] = "向鹏"

14 names[3][0] = "ALEXANDER" #注意：复制列表，只会复制一层

15 print(names)16 print(names2)

执行结果：省略......

列表循环

用for实现列表循环

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 #定义一个列表

6 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","XiangPeng",["alex","jack"],"ChenRonghua"]7 for i innames:8 print(i)

执行结果：

1 4ZhangYang2 #!Guyun

3 XiangPeng4 ['alex', 'jack']5 ChenRonghua

跳着切片示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 #跳着切片

6 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","XiangPeng",["alex","jack"],"ChenRonghua","Xuliangche"]7 print(names[0:-1:2])8 print(names[::2])9 print(names[:]) #0到-1

10

11 for i innames:12 print(i)

执行结果:

1 ['4ZhangYang', 'XiangPeng', 'ChenRonghua']2 ['4ZhangYang', 'XiangPeng', 'ChenRonghua']3 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'XiangPeng', ['alex', 'jack'], 'ChenRonghua', 'Xuliangche']4 4ZhangYang5 #!Guyun

6 XiangPeng7 ['alex', 'jack']8 ChenRonghua9 Xuliangche

元组(也叫不可变列表)

元组其实跟列表差不多，也是存一组数，只不是它一旦创建，便不能再修改，所以又叫只读列表。

语法

names = ("ales","jack","eric")

它只有两个方法，一个是count,一个是index。

示例：

1 #定义一个元组

2 tuple1 = (1, 2, '3', 4, '5')3 #定义了一个元组之后就无法再添加或修改元组中的元素

4 print tuple1[0] #元组的元素都有确定的顺序。元组的索引也是以0为基点的

5 print tuple1[-1] #负的索引从元组的尾部开始计数

6 print tuple1[1:3] #元组也可以进行切片操作。对元组切片可以得到新的元组。

7 #可以使用 in 运算符检查某元素是否存在于元组中。

8 print 1 in tuple1 #True

9 #使用for in 进行遍历元组

10 for item intuple1:11 printitem12 #如果需要获取item的序号 可以使用下面的遍历方法：

13 for index inrange(len(tuple1)):14 printtuple1[index]15 #还可以使用内置的enumerate函数

16 for index, item inenumerate(tuple1):17 print '%i, %s' % (index, item)

统计示例

#统计有两个XieDi

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7 names.append("LeiHaidong")8 names.insert(1,"ChenRonghua")9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入

10 names[2] ="XieDi" #修改

11 print(names)12 print(names.count("XieDi"))

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'ChenRonghua', 'XieDi', 'Xinzhiyu', 'XieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']2 2

清除示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7 names.append("LeiHaidong")8 names.insert(1,"ChenRonghua")9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入

10 names[2] ="XieDi" #修改

11 print(names)12 print(names.count("XieDi"))13

14 #clear

15 names.clear()16 print(names)

执行结果

1 ['ZhangYang', 'ChenRonghua', 'XieDi', 'Xinzhiyu', 'XieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']2 2

3 []

反转示例1

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = "ZhangYang Guyun Xiangpeng XuLiangChen"

6 names = ["ZhangYang","Guyun","XieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]7 names.append("LeiHaidong")8 names.insert(1,"ChenRonghua")9 names.insert(3,"Xinzhiyu") #插入

10 names[2] ="XieDi" #修改

11 print(names)12 print(names.count("XieDi"))13

14 #reverse

15 names.reverse()16 print(names)

执行结果：

1 ['ZhangYang', 'ChenRonghua', 'XieDi', 'Xinzhiyu', 'XieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 'LeiHaidong']2 2

3 ['LeiHaidong', 'XuLiangChen', 'Xiangpeng', 'XieDi', 'Xinzhiyu', 'XieDi', 'ChenRonghua', 'ZhangYang'] #对比第一行，反转过来了

反转示例2

1 >>>names2 ['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Amy', 'Tom', 'Amy', 1, 2, 3]3 >>> names.sort() #排序

4 Traceback (most recent call last):5 File "", line 1, in

6 TypeError: unorderable types: int() < str() #3.0里不同数据类型不能放在一起排序了，擦

7 >>> names[-3] = '1'

8 >>> names[-2] = '2'

9 >>> names[-1] = '3'

10 >>>names11 ['Alex', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Tenglan', 'Tom', '1', '2', '3']12 >>>names.sort()13 >>>names14 ['1', '2', '3', 'Alex', 'Amy', 'Amy', 'Tenglan', 'Tom']

排序示例

按ASCII码顺序进行排序的

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","xXieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]6 print(names)7

8 #排序(sort)

9 names.sort()10 print(names)

执行结果：

1 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'xXieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']2 ['#!Guyun', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', '4ZhangYang', 'xXieDi']

扩展示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","xXieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]6 print(names)7

8 names2 = [1,2,3,4]9 names.extend(names2)10 print(names)

执行结果：

1 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'xXieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']2 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'xXieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen', 1, 2, 3, 4]

删除列表中的变量示例

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 names = ["4ZhangYang","#!Guyun","xXieDi","Xiangpeng","XuLiangChen"]6 print(names)7

8 names2 = [1,2,3,4]9 names.extend(names2)10 delnames211 print(names,names2)

执行结果：

会报错，因为找不到nemes2变量的值

1 Traceback (most recent call last):2 ['4ZhangYang', '#!Guyun', 'xXieDi', 'Xiangpeng', 'XuLiangChen']3 File "D:/python/day2/name_test02.py", line 11, in

4 print(names,names2)5 NameError: name 'names2' is not defined

字符串操作

1 >>> a = 'alex'

2 >>> a [1]3 'l'

4 >>> a[2]5 'e'

6

7 #备注：列表不能直接赋值

8

9 >>> a[2] = '222'

10 Traceback (most recent call last):11 File "", line 1, in

12 TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

集合操作

集合的元素是不允许重复且无序的集合，集合就像是字典舍弃了值一样。

主要作用如下：

去重，把一个列表变成集合，就自动去重了

关系测试，测试两组数据之前的交集、差集、并集等关系

1 s = set([3,5,9,10]) #创建一个数值集合

2

3 t = set("Hello") #创建一个唯一字符的集合

4

5

6 a = t | s #t 和 s的并集

7

8 b = t & s #t 和 s的交集

9

10 c = t – s #求差集(项在t中，但不在s中)

11

12 d = t ^ s #对称差集(项在t或s中，但不会同时出现在二者中)

13

14

15

16 基本操作：17

18 t.add('x') #添加一项

19

20 s.update([10,37,42]) #在s中添加多项

21

22

23

24 使用remove()可以删除一项：25

26 t.remove('H')27

28

29 len(s)30 set 的长度31

32 x ins33 测试 x 是否是 s 的成员34

35 x not ins36 测试 x 是否不是 s 的成员37

38 s.issubset(t)39 s <=t40 测试是否 s 中的每一个元素都在 t 中41

42 s.issuperset(t)43 s >=t44 测试是否 t 中的每一个元素都在 s 中45

46 s.union(t)47 s |t48 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的每一个元素49

50 s.intersection(t)51 s &t52 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中的公共元素53

54 s.difference(t)55 s -t56 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 中有但是 t 中没有的元素57

58 s.symmetric_difference(t)59 s ^t60 返回一个新的 set 包含 s 和 t 中不重复的元素61

62 s.copy()63 返回 set “s”的一个浅复制

常用操作

交集(intersection)

两组列表中，取相同的值

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7 print(list_1,type(list_1))8

9 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])10 print(list_1,list_2)11

12 #交集

13 print( list_1.intersection(list_2) )

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}

2 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]3 {4, 6}

并集(union)

两个列表合并成一个，去掉重复的值

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7 print(list_1,type(list_1))8

9 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])10 print(list_1,list_2)11

12 #并集

13 print(list_1.union(list_2))

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}

2 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]3 {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 66, 9, 8, 22}

差集(difference)

只保留list1里面有的，list2中没有的值。

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7 print(list_1,type(list_1))8

9 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])10 print(list_1,list_2)11

12 #差集

13 print(list_1.difference(list_2))

14 print(list_2.difference(list_1))

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9}

2 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]3 {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}

4 {0,8,2,66,22}

对称差集(symmetric_difference)

把交集去掉了，留下的不是并集，把两个互相都没有的，取出来。

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7

8 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])9 print(list_1,list_2)10

11

12 #反向差集

13 print(list_1.symmetric_difference(list_2))

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]2 {0, 1, 2, 66, 3, 5, 8, 7, 9, 22}

isdisjoint

判断有没有交集，如果有返回False，否则返回True

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7

8 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])9 print(list_1,list_2)10

11 #子集

12 list_3 = set([1,3,7])13 print(list_3.issubset(list_1))14 print(list_1.issubset(list_3))15

16 print("---------------------------------")

17 list_4 = set([5,6,8])

18 print(list_3.isdisjoint(list_4))

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]2 True3 False4 ---------------------------------

5 True

判断有没有交集，如果有返回False，否则返回True

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7

8 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])9 print(list_1,list_2)10

11 #子集

12 list_3 = set([1,3,7])13 print(list_3.issubset(list_1))14 print(list_1.issubset(list_3))15

16 print("---------------------------------")

17 list_4 = set([5,6,7,8])

18 print(list_3.isdisjoint(list_4))

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]2 True3 False4 ---------------------------------

5 False

子集(issubset)

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7

8 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])9 print(list_1,list_2)10

11 #差集

12 print( list_1.intersection(list_2))13

14 #子集

15 list_3 = set([1,3,7])16 print(list_3.issubset(list_1))17 print(list_1.issubset(list_3))

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]2 {4, 6}3 True4 False

交集、并集、差集、对称差集另一种用法

1 #交集(intersection)

2 print(list_1 &list_2)3

4 #并集 union

5 print(list_2 |list_1)6

7 #差集 difference (in list 1 but not in list 2)

8 print(list_1 -list_2)9

10 #对称差集

11 print(list_1 ^ list_2)

常用操作

1 #!/usr/bin/env python

2 #-*- coding:utf-8 -*-

3 #Author: nulige

4

5 list_1 = [1,4,5,7,3,6,7,9]6 list_1 =set(list_1)7

8 list_2 = ([2,6,0,66,22,8,4])9 print(list_1,list_2)10

11 #添加一项(无序插入)

12 list_1.add(999)13 print(list_1)14

15 #添加多项

16 list_1.update([888,777,555])17 print(list_1)18

19 #pop (删除)

20 #Remove and teturn an arbitrary set element.

21 #删除一个，并返回一个任意的

22 print(list_1.pop())23 print(list_1.pop())24 print(list_1.pop())25 print(list_1.pop())26

27 #discard

28 print( list_1.discard(888) )

执行结果：

1 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9} [2, 6, 0, 66, 22, 8, 4]2 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 999, 9}3 {1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 999, 9, 777, 555, 888}4 1

5 3

6 4

7 5

8 None