1. 创表、初始化数据 - 这部分读者自行复制完成
student、teacher、course、sc - 四个表
-- 创student表
create table student(
sno varchar2(10) primary key,
sname varchar2(20),
sage number(2),
ssex varchar2(5)
);
-- 往 student 表添加数据
insert into student values ('s001','张三',23,'男');
insert into student values ('s002','李四',23,'男');
insert into student values ('s003','吴鹏',25,'男');
insert into student values ('s004','琴沁',20,'女');
insert into student values ('s005','王丽',20,'女');
insert into student values ('s006','李波',21,'男');
insert into student values ('s007','刘玉',21,'男');
insert into student values ('s008','萧蓉',21,'女');
insert into student values ('s009','陈萧晓',23,'女');
insert into student values ('s010','陈美',22,'女');
commit;
-- 创teacher表
create table teacher(
tno varchar2(10) primary key,
tname varchar2(20)
);
-- 往 teacher 表添加数据
insert into teacher values ('t001', '刘阳');
insert into teacher values ('t002', '谌燕');
insert into teacher values ('t003', '胡明星');
commit;
-- 创course表
create table course(
cno varchar2(10),
cname varchar2(20),
tno varchar2(20),
constraint pk_course primary key (cno,tno)
);
-- 往 course 表添加数据
insert into course values ('c001','J2SE','t002');
insert into course values ('c002','Java Web','t002');
insert into course values ('c003','SSH','t001');
insert into course values ('c004','Oracle','t001');
insert into course values ('c005','SQL SERVER 2005','t003');
insert into course values ('c006','C#','t003');
insert into course values ('c007','JavaScript','t002');
insert into course values ('c008','DIV+CSS','t001');
insert into course values ('c009','PHP','t003');
insert into course values ('c010','EJB3.0','t002');
commit;
-- 创sc表
create table sc(
sno varchar2(10),
cno varchar2(10),
score number(4,2),
constraint pk_sc primary key (sno,cno)
);
-- 往 sc 表添加数据
insert into sc values ('s001','c001',78.9);
insert into sc values ('s002','c001',80.9);
insert into sc values ('s003','c001',81.9);
insert into sc values ('s004','c001',60.9);
insert into sc values ('s001','c002',82.9);
insert into sc values ('s002','c002',72.9);
insert into sc values ('s003','c002',81.9);
insert into sc values ('s001','c003','59');
commit;
2. SQL题目练习 - 基于上面的表、数据
- 查询“c001”课程比“c002”课程成绩高的所有学生的学号
select sno
from sc sc1
where cno = 'c001'
and score > (select score
from sc sc2
where cno = 'c002'
and sc2.sno = sc1.sno );
- 查询平均成绩大于60 分的同学的学号和平均成绩
select sno, avg(score)
from sc
group by sno
having avg(score) > 60;
- 查询所有同学的学号、姓名、选课数、总成绩
select student.sno, sname, count(cno), sum(nvl( score, 0))
from student, sc
where student.sno = sc.sno(+)
group by student.sno, sname;
- 查询姓“刘”的老师的个数
select count(*)
from teacher
where instr(tname, '刘') = 1;
- 查询没学过“谌燕”老师课的同学的学号、姓名
select distinct student.sno, sname
from student, sc
where student.sno = sc.sno(+)
and student.sno not in ( select sno
from sc
where cno in ( select cno
from course, teacher
where course.tno = teacher.tno
and tname = '谌燕') );
- 查询学过“c001”并且也学过编号“c002”课程的同学的学号、姓名
select sno, sname
from student stu
where exists (select * from sc where cno = 'c001' and stu.sno = sc.sno)
and exists (select * from sc where cno='c002' and stu.sno = sc.sno) ;
- 查询学过“谌燕”老师所教的所有课的同学的学号、姓名
select sno,
(select sname from student where sno = sc.sno)
from sc
where cno in ( select cno
from course, teacher
where course.tno = teacher.tno
and tname = '谌燕')
group by sno
having count(*) = ( select count(*)
from course, teacher
where course.tno = teacher.tno
and tname = '谌燕')
- 查询课程编号“c002”的成绩比课程编号“c001”课程低的所有同学的学号、姓名
select sno,
(select sname from student where sno = sc1.sno)
from sc sc1
where cno = 'c002'
and exists (select *
from sc
where cno = 'c001'
and sno = sc1.sno
and score > sc1.score);
- 查询所有课程成绩小于60 分的同学的学号、姓名
select sno,
(select sname from student where sno = sc.sno)
from sc
where sno not in ( select distinct sno from sc where score >= 60 );
- 查询没有学全所有课的同学的学号、姓名
select sno, sname
from student
where not exists ( select distinct sno
from sc
where sno = student.sno
group by sno
having count(*) = ( select count(*) from course));
- 查询至少有一门课与学号为“s001”的同学所学相同的同学的学号和姓名
select distinct sno,
(select sname from student where sno = sc.sno)
from sc
where cno in (select cno from sc where sno = 's001')
and sno != 's001';
- 查询至少学过学号为“s001”同学所有课的其他同学学号和姓名
select sno,
(select sname from student where sno = sc.sno)
from sc
where sno != 's001'
and cno in (select cno from sc where sno = 's001')
group by sno
having count(*) = (select count(*) from sc where sno = 's001');
- 把“SC”表中“谌燕”老师教的课的成绩都更改为此课程的平均成绩
update sc sc1 set score = ( select avg(score) from sc sc2 where sc2.cno = sc1.cno )
where cno in ( select cno from course
where tno = ( select tno from teacher
where tname = '谌燕'));
rollback; ------------ 记得回滚数据，我们不提交更改原始数据
- 查询和“s001”号的同学学习的课程完全相同的其他同学学号和姓名
select sno,
(select sname from student where sno = sc.sno)
from sc
where sno != 's001'
and cno in (select cno from sc where sno = 's001')
group by sno
having count(*) = (select count(*) from sc where sno = 's001');
- 删除学习“谌燕”老师课的SC 表记录
delete table sc
where cno in ( select cno from course
where tno = ( select tno from teacher
where tname = '谌燕' ));
- 向SC 表中插入一些记录，这些记录要求符合以下条件：没有上过编号“c002”课程的同学学号、“c002”号课的平均成绩
insert into sc values ('s004', 'c006', (select avg(score) from sc where cno = 'c002') );
insert into sc values ('s007', 'c007', (select avg(score) from sc where cno = 'c002') );
insert into sc values ('s010', 'c010', (select avg(score) from sc where cno = 'c002') );
insert into sc values ('s009', 'c009', (select avg(score) from sc where cno = 'c002') );
commit;
--- 额外增加的 - 与题目无关 -- 方便查看下列题目输出 -- 建议读者添加这些数据
insert into sc values ('s006','c003', 90 );
insert into sc values ('s007', 'c001', 81.9);
insert into student values ('s011', '周三'， 27， '男');
insert into student values ('s012', '林三', 22, '女');
insert into student values ('s013', '张国量', 38, '男');
insert into sc values ('s001', 'c004', 30);
insert into sc values ('s001', 'c005', 20);
insert into sc values ('s005', 'c004', 58);
insert into sc values ('s005', 'c008', 57);
commit;
- 查询各科成绩最高和最低的分：以如下形式显示：课程ID，最高分，最低分
select course.cno, nvl(max(score), 0), nvl(min(score), 0)
from course, sc
where course.cno = sc.cno (+)
group by course.cno
order by course.cno;
- 按各科平均成绩从低到高和及格率的百分数从高到低顺序
select (select cname from course where cno = sc1.cno ),
( ( select count(*) from sc sc2 where sc2.cno = sc1.cno and score >= 60) / count(*)) * 100 || '%'
from sc sc1
group by cno
order by avg(score) desc;
- 查询不同老师所教不同课程平均分从高到低显示
select (select tno from course where cno = sc.cno),
(select cname from course where cno = sc.cno),
avg(score)
from sc
group by cno;
- 统计列印各科成绩,各分数段人数:课程ID,课程名称,[100-85],[85-70],[70-60],[ <60]
select distinct cno,
( select cname from course where cno = sc1.cno ),
( select count(*) from sc sc2 where sc2.cno = sc1.cno and score between 85 and 100 ),
( select count(*) from sc sc2 where sc2.cno = sc1.cno and score between 75 and 84.5),
( select count(*) from sc sc2 where sc2.cno = sc1.cno and score between 60 and 69.5),
( select count(*) from sc sc2 where sc2.cno = sc1.cno and score < 60 )
from sc sc1;
- 查询各科成绩前三名的记录:(不考虑成绩并列情况)
select *
from ( select row_number() over (partition by cno order by score desc) rn,
sc.*
from sc)
where rn <= 3;
- 查询每门课程被选修的学生数
select cno,
( select nvl( count(*), 0 ) from sc where cno = course.cno )
from course;
- 查询出只选修了一门课程的全部学生的学号和姓名
select sno,
(select sname from student where sno = sc.sno)
from sc
group by sno
having count(*) = 1;
- 查询男生、女生人数
select ssex,
count(*)
from student
group by ssex;
- 查询姓“张”的学生名单
select *
from student
where sname like '张%';
- 查询同名同性学生名单，并统计同名人数
select stu1.*
from student stu1
where exists ( select * from student stu2
where stu2.sno != stu1.sno
and stu2.ssex = stu1.ssex
and substr(stu1.sname, 2) = substr( stu2.sname, 2) ) ;
---- 这题实在搞不懂为什么写在一条，硬写在一条实在是难看，所以分两条写
select count(*) 同名人数
from ( select stu1.*
from student stu1
where exists ( select * from student stu2
where stu2.sno != stu1.sno
and substr(stu1.sname, 2) = substr( stu2.sname, 2)) );
- 1981 年出生的学生名单(注：Student 表中Sage 列的类型是number)
select *
from student
where sage = (extract( year from sysdate ) - 1981 );
- 查询每门课程的平均成绩，结果按平均成绩升序排列，平均成绩相同时，按课程号降序排列
select course.cno, nvl( avg(score), 0 )
from course, sc
where course.cno = sc.cno(+)
group by course.cno
order by nvl( avg(score), 0 ) asc, course.cno desc;
- 查询平均成绩大于85 的所有学生的学号、姓名和平均成绩
select sc.sno, sname, nvl( avg(score), 0 )
from student, sc
where student.sno = sc.sno
group by sc.sno, sname
having avg(score) > 85;
- 查询课程名称为“数据库”，且分数低于60 的学生姓名和分数
select sname, score
from student, sc
where student.sno = sc.sno
and score < 60
and cno = ( select cno from course where cname = '数据库' );
- 查询所有学生的选课情况
select student.*, cno
from student, sc
where student.sno = sc.sno(+);
- 查询任何一门课程成绩在70 分以上的姓名、课程名称和分数
select ( select sname from student where sno = sc.sno ),
( select cname from course where cno = sc.cno ),
score
from sc
where score > 70;
- 查询不及格的课程，并按课程号从大到小排列
select *
from sc
where score < 60
order by cno desc;
- 查询课程编号为c001 且课程成绩在80 分以上的学生的学号和姓名
select sno,
( select sname from student where sno = sc.sno ),
score
from sc
where cno = 'c001'
and score > 80;
- 求选了课程的学生人数
select count( distinct sno )
from sc
- 查询选修“谌燕”老师所授课程的学生中，成绩最高的学生姓名及其成绩
select ( select sname from student where sno = sc.sno )
score
from sc, course
where sc.cno = course.cno
and tno in ( select tno from teacher where tname = '谌燕' )
and score = ( select max(score) from sc sc1, course c1
where sc1.cno = c1.cno
and tno in ( select tno from teacher where tname = '谌燕' ) );
- 查询各个课程及相应的选修人数
select course.cno, nvl( count(sno), 0 )
from sc, course
where course.cno = sc.cno(+)
group by course.cno;
- 查询不同课程成绩相同的学生的学号、课程号、学生成绩
select sno, cno, score
from sc sc1
where exists ( select * from sc sc2
where sc2.cno != sc1.cno
and sc2.score = sc1.score);
- 查询每门功课成绩最好的前两名
select *
from sc sc1
where ( select count(distinct score) from sc sc2
where sc2.cno = sc1.cno
and sc2.score > sc1.score ) <= 1
order by cno asc, score desc;
- 统计每门课程的学生选修人数（超过10 人的课程才统计）。要求输出课程号和选修人数，查询结果按人数降序排列，若人数相同，按课程号升序排列
select cno, count(*) s_number
from sc
group by cno
having count(*) > 10
order by s_number desc, cno asc;
- 检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号
select sno
from sc
group by sno
having count(*) >= 2;
- 查询全部学生都选修的课程的课程号和课程名
select sc.cno, cname
from sc, course
where sc.cno = course.cno
group by sc.cno, cname
having count(*) = ( select count(*) from student );
- 查询没学过“谌燕”老师讲授的任一门课程的学生姓名
select ( select sname from student where sno = sc.sno )
from sc, course
where sc.cno = course.cno
and tno != ( select tno from teacher where tname = '谌燕');
- 查询两门以上不及格课程的同学的学号及其平均成绩
select sno, avg(score)
from sc
where score < 60
group by sno
having count(*) >= 2;
- 检索“c004”课程分数小于60，按分数降序排列的同学学号
select sno
from sc
where cno = 'c004'
and score < 60;
- 删除“s002”同学的“c001”课程的成绩
delete sc
where sno = 's002'
and cno = 'c001';
rollback; --- 不建议commit真正删除数据
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