目前正在学习python,使用的工具为python3.2.3。发现3x版本和2x版本有些差异,在套接字编程时,困扰了我很久,先将python核心编程书中的例子
代码如下:
服务器端:
#Echo server program
from socket import *
from time importctime
HOST= '' #Symbolic name meaning all available interfaces
PORT = 50007 #Arbitrary non-privileged port
BUFSIZE = 1024ADDR=(HOST, PORT)
tcpSerSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5)whileTrue:print('waiting for connection...')
tcpCliSock, addr=tcpSerSock.accept()print('...connected from:', addr)whileTrue:
data=tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)if notdata:breaktcpCliSock.send(('[%s] %s' %(ctime(), data)))
tcpCliSock.close()
tcpSerSock.close()
客户端
#Echo client program
from socket import*HOST= '127.0.0.1'PORT= 50007 #The same port as used by the server
BUFSIZE = 1024ADDR=(HOST, PORT)
tcpCliSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)whileTrue:
data= input('>')if notdata:breaktcpCliSock.send(data)
data=tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE)if notdata:break
print(data)
tcpCliSock.close()
报错:
TypeError:'str' does not support the buffer interface
找问题找了好久,在StackOverflow上发现有人也出现同样的问题,并一个叫Scharron的人提出了解答:
In python 3, bytes strings and unicodestrings are now two different types. Since sockets are not aware of string encodings, they are using raw bytes strings, that have a slightly differentinterface from unicode strings.
So, now, whenever you have a unicode stringthat you need to use as a byte string, you need toencode() it. And whenyou have a byte string, you need to decode it to use it as a regular(python 2.x) string.
Unicode strings are quotes enclosedstrings. Bytes strings are b"" enclosed strings
When you use client_socket.send(data),replace it by client_socket.send(data.encode()). When you get datausing data = client_socket.recv(512), replace it by data =client_socket.recv(512).decode()
同时我看了一下python帮助文档:
Codec.encode(input[, errors])
Encodes the object input and returns atuple (output object, length consumed). Encoding converts a string objectto abytes object using a particular character set encoding
Codec.decode(input[, errors])
Decodes the object input and returns atuple (output object, length consumed). Decoding converts a bytes objectencoded using a particular character set encoding to a string object.
input must be a bytes object or one whichprovides the read-only character buffer interface – for example, buffer objectsand memory mapped files.
套接字的成员函数send
socket.send(bytes[, flags]) 形参为字节类型
socket.recv(bufsize[, flags]) Receive datafrom the socket. The return value is abytesobject representing the data received.
所以修正后代码如下:
服务器端:
#Echo server program
from socket import *
from time importctime
HOST= '' #Symbolic name meaning all available interfaces
PORT = 50007 #Arbitrary non-privileged port
BUFSIZE = 1024ADDR=(HOST, PORT)
tcpSerSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpSerSock.bind(ADDR)
tcpSerSock.listen(5)whileTrue:print('waiting for connection...')
tcpCliSock, addr=tcpSerSock.accept()print('...connected from:', addr)whileTrue:
data=tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()if notdata:breaktcpCliSock.send(('[%s] %s' %(ctime(), data)).encode())
tcpCliSock.close()
tcpSerSock.close()
客服端:
#Echo client program
from socket import*HOST= '127.0.0.1'PORT= 50007 #The same port as used by the server
BUFSIZE = 1024ADDR=(HOST, PORT)
tcpCliSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)whileTrue:
data= input('>')if notdata:breaktcpCliSock.send(data.encode())
data=tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()if notdata:break
print(data)
tcpCliSock.close()
运行结果: 达到预期
在使用这些函数时想当然去用,没有去查找帮助文档,没有弄清楚传参类型,可能是一个例题,没有注意这些,但是得吸取教训。
同样的在udp的情况下:修正过的
服务器端:
from socket import *
from time importctime
HOST= '';
PORT= 21546BUFSIZE= 1024ADDR=(HOST, PORT)
udpSerSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM)
udpSerSock.bind(ADDR)whileTrue:print('waiting for message...')
data, addr=udpSerSock.recvfrom(BUFSIZE)
udpSerSock.sendto(('[%s] %s' %(ctime(), data.decode())).encode(), addr)print('...received from and returned to:', addr)
udpSerSock.close()
客户端:
from socket import *HOST= 'localhost'PORT= 21567BUFSIZE= 1024ADDR=(HOST, PORT)whileTrue:
tcpCliSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
data= input('>')if notdata:breaktcpCliSock.send(('%s\r\n' %data).encode())
data=tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()if notdata:break
print(data.strip())
tcpCliSock.close()
使用socketserver模块:
服务器端:
#TsTservss.py
from socketserver importTCPServer as TCP, StreamRequestHandler as SRHfrom time importctime
HOST= ''PORT= 21567ADDR=(HOST, PORT)classMyRequestHandler(SRH):defhandle(self):print('...connected from:', self.client_address)
self.wfile.write(('[%s] %s' %(ctime(), self.rfile.readline().decode())).encode())
tcpServ=TCP(ADDR, MyRequestHandler)print('waiting for connection...')
tcpServ.serve_forever()
客户端:
from socket import *HOST= 'localhost'PORT= 21567BUFSIZE= 1024ADDR=(HOST, PORT)whileTrue:
tcpCliSock=socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM)
tcpCliSock.connect(ADDR)
data= input('>')if notdata:breaktcpCliSock.send(('%s\r\n' %data).encode())
data=tcpCliSock.recv(BUFSIZE).decode()if notdata:break
print(data.strip())
tcpCliSock.close()