python回归分析预测模型_应用python随机森林回归模型训练好模型后，如何进行预测？为什么预测值会这么小，且出现多个相同的异常值？...

from sklearn.datasets import load_boston

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestRegressor, ExtraTreesRegressor, GradientBoostingRegressor

from sklearn.metrics import r2_score, mean_squared_error, mean_absolute_error

import numpy as np

#随机森林回归

# 1 准备数据

# 读取波士顿地区房价信息

boston = load_boston()

#print("boston:", boston)

# 查看数据描述

# print(boston.DESCR) # 共506条波士顿地区房价信息，每条13项数值特征描述和目标房价

# 查看数据的差异情况

# print("最大房价：", np.max(boston.target)) # 50

# print("最小房价：",np.min(boston.target)) # 5

# print("平均房价：", np.mean(boston.target)) # 22.532806324110677

x = boston.data

y = boston.target

print("x.shape:", x.shape)

print("y.shape:", y.shape)

# 2 分割训练数据和测试数据

# 随机采样25%作为测试 75%作为训练

x_train, x_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(x, y, test_size=0.25, random_state=33)

print("x_train.shape:", x_train.shape)

print("x_test.shape:", x_test.shape)

print("y_train.shape:", y_train.shape)

print("y_test.shape:", y_test.shape)

# 3 训练数据和测试数据进行标准化处理

ss_x = StandardScaler()

x_train = ss_x.fit_transform(x_train)

x_test = ss_x.transform(x_test)

ss_y = StandardScaler()

y_train = ss_y.fit_transform(y_train.reshape(-1, 1))

y_test = ss_y.transform(y_test.reshape(-1, 1))

# 随机森林回归

rfr = RandomForestRegressor()

# 训练

rfr.fit(x_train, y_train)

# 预测 保存预测结果

rfr_y_predict = rfr.predict(x_test)

#对所有特征数据进行预测

Y_predict=rfr.predict(x)

# 随机森林回归模型评估

print("随机森林回归的默认评估值为：", rfr.score(x_test, y_test))

print("随机森林回归的R_squared值为：", r2_score(y_test, rfr_y_predict))

print("随机森林回归的均方误差为:", mean_squared_error(ss_y.inverse_transform(y_test),

ss_y.inverse_transform(rfr_y_predict)))

print("随机森林回归的平均绝对误差为:", mean_absolute_error(ss_y.inverse_transform(y_test),

ss_y.inverse_transform(rfr_y_predict)))

print(y)

print(Y_predict)

#输出的结果

x.shape: (506, 13)

y.shape: (506,)

x_train.shape: (379, 13)

x_test.shape: (127, 13)

y_train.shape: (379,)

y_test.shape: (127,)

随机森林回归的默认评估值为： 0.8469322253577488

随机森林回归的R_squared值为： 0.8469322253577488

随机森林回归的均方误差为: 11.869073401574813

随机森林回归的平均绝对误差为: 2.229212598425197

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22. 11.9]

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