java 构造函数 调用顺序_Java构造函数的调用顺序的详细介绍

Java构造函数的调用顺序的详细介绍

当一个复杂的对象被构造时,它的构造函数按下面的顺序被调用(that the order of constructor calls for a complex object is as follows)

1.其基类(base-class)的构造函数被调用,这个步骤以递归的方式重复,所以最底层(the root of hierarchy)的构造函数首先被执行,然后是它上一层派生类(the next-derived class)...直到最顶层的派生类(the most-derived class).

The base-class constructor is called. This step is repeated recursively such that the root of the hierarchy is constructed first, followed by the next-derived class, etc., until the most-derived class is reached.)

2.如果有包含关系(composition),那么它的成员对象按照声明的顺序被构造.

Member initializers are called in the order of declaration.

3.派生类构造函数的内容(body)被执行.

The body of the derived-class constructor is called.

一个实例:

classCake{

Cake(){System.out.println("Cake()");}

}

classMeal{

Meal(){System.out.println("Meal()");}

}

classBread{

Bread(){System.out.println("Bread()");}

}

classCheese{

Cheese(){System.out.println("Cheese()");}

}

classLettuce{

Lettuce(){System.out.println("Lettuce()");}

}

classLunchextendsMeal{

Lunch(){System.out.println("Lunch()");}

}

classPortableLunchextendsLunch{

//ifmakederived-classobjectasthemenberofthebase-classwillleadainfinite

//loopandprogramwillstopbecauseofthememoryconsumed

//privateSandwichs=newSandwich();

privateCakea=newCake();

PortableLunch(){System.out.println("PortableLunch()");}

}

publicclassSandwichextendsPortableLunch

{

privateBreadb=newBread();

privateCheesec=newCheese();

privateLettucel=newLettuce();

publicSandwich(){

System.out.println("Sandwich()");

}

publicstaticvoidmain(String[]args){

newSandwich();

}

}

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