一,字符串
1str()
str可以把任何类型转换成字符串
res=str({'a':1})
print(res,type(res))
2,内置方法:
1 取值
# 正向取
print(msg[0])
print(msg[5])
# 反向取
print(msg[-1])
# 只能取
msg[0]='H'
2,切片:索引的拓展应用,从一个大字符串取值到一个小的字符串。
msg='hello world'
# 顾头不顾尾
res=msg[0:5] (注意,str是不可变数据类型,即它本身是不会改变,任何改变都是重新创建一个字符串)
print(res)
print(msg)
3,步长 str[索引1:索引2:步长] 步长2的意思是每隔一个字符取值
# res=msg[0:5:2] # 0 2 4
# print(res) # hlo
# 反向步长(了解)
# res=msg[5:0:-1]
# print(res) #" olle"
4,倒置字符串:
# res=msg[::-1] # 把字符串倒过来
# print(res)
5,长度len()
msg="hello word"
print(len(msg))
6,成员运算in 和not in
# 判断一个子字符串是否存在于一个大字符串中
# print("alex" in "alex is sb")
# print("alex" not in "alex is sb")
# print(not "alex" in "alex is sb") # 不推荐使用
7,移除字符串左右两侧的符号strip()
# 默认去掉的空格
# msg=' aabbcc '
# res=msg.strip()
# print(msg) # 不会改变原值
# print(res) # 是产生了新值
# msg='****egon****'
# print(msg.strip('*'))
# 了解:strip只取两边,不去中间
# msg='****e*****gon****'
# print(msg.strip('*'))
# msg='**/*=-**egon**-=()**'
# print(msg.strip('*/-=()'))
8,切分split:把字符串按照某种分隔符进行切分,得到一个列表
# 4.1.6、切分split:把一个字符串按照某种分隔符进行切分,得到一个列表
# # 默认分隔符是空格
# info='egon 18 male'
# res=info.split()
# print(res)
# 指定分隔符
# info='egon:18:male'
# res=info.split(':')
# print(res)
# 指定分隔次数(了解)
# info='egon:18:male'
# res=info.split(':',1)
# print(res)
插播
# info='egon:18:male'
# for x in info:
# print(x)
9,掌握;
#strip,lstrip,rstrip
# msg='***egon****'
# print(msg.strip('*')) 去两边
# print(msg.lstrip('*'))去左
# print(msg.rstrip('*'))去右
10,
# lower,upper
# msg='AbbbCCCC'
# print(msg.lower()) 全部变成大写
# print(msg.upper()) 全部变成小写
11,判断首位是否是指定字符串
# startswith,endswith
# print("alex is sb".startswith("alex"))首
# print("alex is sb".endswith('sb'))尾
12,format略
13,将字符串切成列表
# info="egon:18:male"
# print(info.split(':',1)) # ["egon","18:male"]正切
# print(info.rsplit(':',1)) # ["egon:18","male"]倒切
14,join: 把列表拼接成字符串
# l=['egon', '18', 'male']
# res=l[0]+":"+l[1]+":"+l[2]
# res=":".join(l) # 按照某个分隔符号,把元素全为字符串的列表拼接成一个大字符串
# print(res)
# l=[1,"2",'aaa']
# ":".join(l)
15,replace 替换字符串
# msg="you can you up no can no bb"
# print(msg.replace("you","YOU",))
# print(msg.replace("you","YOU",1))replace("被替换字符串","替换字符串",指定替换几个)
16,isdigit 判断字符串是否由纯数字组成
# print('123'.isdigit())
# print('12.3'.isdigit())
# age=input('请输入你的年龄:').strip()
# if age.isdigit():
# age=int(age) # int("abbab")
# if age > 18:
# print('猜大了')
# elif age < 18:
# print('猜小了')
# else:
# print('才最了')
# else:
# print('必须输入数字')
17,了解
# find,rfind,index,rindex,count
msg='hello egon hahaha'
# 找到返回起始索引
# print(msg.find('e')) # 返回要查找的字符串在大字符串中的起始索引
# print(msg.find('egon'))
# print(msg.index('e'))
# print(msg.index('egon'))
# 找不到
# print(msg.find('xxx')) # 返回-1,代表找不到
# print(msg.index('xxx')) # 抛出异常
# expandtabs
# msg='hello\tworld'
# print(msg.expandtabs(2)) # 设置制表符代表的空格数为2
# captalize,swapcase,title
# print("hello world egon".capitalize())
# print("Hello WorLd EGon".swapcase())
# print("hello world egon".title())
#is数字系列
#is其他
# print('abc'.islower())
# print('ABC'.isupper())
# print('Hello World'.istitle())
# print('123123aadsf'.isalnum()) # 字符串由字母或数字组成结果为True
# print('ad'.isalpha()) # 字符串由由字母组成结果为True
# print(' '.isspace()) # 字符串由空格组成结果为True
# print('print'.isidentifier())
# print('age_of_egon'.isidentifier())
# print('1age_of_egon'.isidentifier())
num1=b'4' #bytes
num2=u'4' #unicode,python3中无需加u就是unicode
num3='四' #中文数字
num4='Ⅳ' #罗马数字
# isdigit只能识别:num1、num2
# print(num1.isdigit()) # True
# print(num2.isdigit()) # True
# print(num3.isdigit()) # False
# print(num4.isdigit()) # False
# isnumberic可以识别:num2、num3、num4
# print(num2.isnumeric()) # True
# print(num3.isnumeric()) # True
# print(num4.isnumeric()) # True
# isdecimal只能识别:num2
print(num2.isdecimal()) # True
print(num3.isdecimal()) # False
print(num4.isdecimal()) # False