python 分类_python实现二分类和多分类的ROC曲线教程

基本概念

precision：预测为对的当中，原本为对的比例（越大越好，1为理想状态）

recall：原本为对的当中，预测为对的比例（越大越好，1为理想状态）

F-measure：F度量是对准确率和召回率做一个权衡（越大越好，1为理想状态，此时precision为1，recall为1）

accuracy：预测对的（包括原本是对预测为对，原本是错的预测为错两种情形）占整个的比例（越大越好，1为理想状态）

fp rate：原本是错的预测为对的比例（越小越好，0为理想状态）

tp rate：原本是对的预测为对的比例（越大越好，1为理想状态）

ROC曲线通常在Y轴上具有真阳性率，在X轴上具有假阳性率。这意味着图的左上角是“理想”点 - 误报率为零，真正的正率为1。这不太现实，但它确实意味着曲线下面积（AUC）通常更好。

二分类问题：ROC曲线

from __future__ import absolute_import

from __future__ import division

from __future__ import print_function

import time

start_time = time.time()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.metrics import roc_curve

from sklearn.metrics import auc

import numpy as np

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,accuracy_score

from sklearn.metrics import precision_score,f1_score

from keras.optimizers import Adam,SGD,sgd

from keras.models import load_model

print('读取数据')

X_train = np.load('x_train-rotate_2.npy')

Y_train = np.load('y_train-rotate_2.npy')

print(X_train.shape)

print(Y_train.shape)

print('获取测试数据和验证数据')

X_train, X_valid, Y_train, Y_valid = train_test_split(X_train, Y_train, test_size=0.1, random_state=666)

Y_train = np.asarray(Y_train,np.uint8)

Y_valid = np.asarray(Y_valid,np.uint8)

X_valid = np.array(X_valid, np.float32) / 255.

print('获取模型')

model = load_model('./model/InceptionV3_model.h5')

opt = Adam(lr=1e-4)

model.compile(optimizer=opt, loss='binary_crossentropy')

print("Predicting")

Y_pred = model.predict(X_valid)

Y_pred = [np.argmax(y) for y in Y_pred] # 取出y中元素最大值所对应的索引

Y_valid = [np.argmax(y) for y in Y_valid]

# micro：多分类

# weighted：不均衡数量的类来说，计算二分类metrics的平均

# macro：计算二分类metrics的均值，为每个类给出相同权重的分值。

precision = precision_score(Y_valid, Y_pred, average='weighted')

recall = recall_score(Y_valid, Y_pred, average='weighted')

f1_score = f1_score(Y_valid, Y_pred, average='weighted')

accuracy_score = accuracy_score(Y_valid, Y_pred)

print("Precision_score:",precision)

print("Recall_score:",recall)

print("F1_score:",f1_score)

print("Accuracy_score:",accuracy_score)

# 二分类　ＲＯＣ曲线

# roc_curve:真正率（True Positive Rate , TPR）或灵敏度（sensitivity）

# 横坐标：假正率（False Positive Rate , FPR）

fpr, tpr, thresholds_keras = roc_curve(Y_valid, Y_pred)

auc = auc(fpr, tpr)

print("AUC : ", auc)

plt.figure()

plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], 'k--')

plt.plot(fpr, tpr, label='Keras (area = {:.3f})'.format(auc))

plt.xlabel('False positive rate')

plt.ylabel('True positive rate')

plt.title('ROC curve')

plt.legend(loc='best')

plt.savefig("../images/ROC/ROC_2分类.png")

plt.show()

print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))

ROC图如下所示：

多分类问题：ROC曲线

ROC曲线通常用于二分类以研究分类器的输出。为了将ROC曲线和ROC区域扩展到多类或多标签分类，有必要对输出进行二值化。⑴可以每个标签绘制一条ROC曲线。⑵也可以通过将标签指示符矩阵的每个元素视为二元预测（微平均）来绘制ROC曲线。⑶另一种用于多类别分类的评估方法是宏观平均，它对每个标签的分类给予相同的权重。

from __future__ import absolute_import

from __future__ import division

from __future__ import print_function

import time

start_time = time.time()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from sklearn.metrics import roc_curve

from sklearn.metrics import auc

import numpy as np

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

from sklearn.metrics import recall_score,accuracy_score

from sklearn.metrics import precision_score,f1_score

from keras.optimizers import Adam,SGD,sgd

from keras.models import load_model

from itertools import cycle

from scipy import interp

from sklearn.preprocessing import label_binarize

nb_classes = 5

print('读取数据')

X_train = np.load('x_train-resized_5.npy')

Y_train = np.load('y_train-resized_5.npy')

print(X_train.shape)

print(Y_train.shape)

print('获取测试数据和验证数据')

X_train, X_valid, Y_train, Y_valid = train_test_split(X_train, Y_train, test_size=0.1, random_state=666)

Y_train = np.asarray(Y_train,np.uint8)

Y_valid = np.asarray(Y_valid,np.uint8)

X_valid = np.asarray(X_valid, np.float32) / 255.

print('获取模型')

model = load_model('./model/SE-InceptionV3_model.h5')

opt = Adam(lr=1e-4)

model.compile(optimizer=opt, loss='categorical_crossentropy')

print("Predicting")

Y_pred = model.predict(X_valid)

Y_pred = [np.argmax(y) for y in Y_pred] # 取出y中元素最大值所对应的索引

Y_valid = [np.argmax(y) for y in Y_valid]

# Binarize the output

Y_valid = label_binarize(Y_valid, classes=[i for i in range(nb_classes)])

Y_pred = label_binarize(Y_pred, classes=[i for i in range(nb_classes)])

# micro：多分类

# weighted：不均衡数量的类来说，计算二分类metrics的平均

# macro：计算二分类metrics的均值，为每个类给出相同权重的分值。

precision = precision_score(Y_valid, Y_pred, average='micro')

recall = recall_score(Y_valid, Y_pred, average='micro')

f1_score = f1_score(Y_valid, Y_pred, average='micro')

accuracy_score = accuracy_score(Y_valid, Y_pred)

print("Precision_score:",precision)

print("Recall_score:",recall)

print("F1_score:",f1_score)

print("Accuracy_score:",accuracy_score)

# roc_curve:真正率（True Positive Rate , TPR）或灵敏度（sensitivity）

# 横坐标：假正率（False Positive Rate , FPR）

# Compute ROC curve and ROC area for each class

fpr = dict()

tpr = dict()

roc_auc = dict()

for i in range(nb_classes):

fpr[i], tpr[i], _ = roc_curve(Y_valid[:, i], Y_pred[:, i])

roc_auc[i] = auc(fpr[i], tpr[i])

# Compute micro-average ROC curve and ROC area

fpr["micro"], tpr["micro"], _ = roc_curve(Y_valid.ravel(), Y_pred.ravel())

roc_auc["micro"] = auc(fpr["micro"], tpr["micro"])

# Compute macro-average ROC curve and ROC area

# First aggregate all false positive rates

all_fpr = np.unique(np.concatenate([fpr[i] for i in range(nb_classes)]))

# Then interpolate all ROC curves at this points

mean_tpr = np.zeros_like(all_fpr)

for i in range(nb_classes):

mean_tpr += interp(all_fpr, fpr[i], tpr[i])

# Finally average it and compute AUC

mean_tpr /= nb_classes

fpr["macro"] = all_fpr

tpr["macro"] = mean_tpr

roc_auc["macro"] = auc(fpr["macro"], tpr["macro"])

# Plot all ROC curves

lw = 2

plt.figure()

plt.plot(fpr["micro"], tpr["micro"],

label='micro-average ROC curve (area = {0:0.2f})'

''.format(roc_auc["micro"]),

color='deeppink', linestyle=':', linewidth=4)

plt.plot(fpr["macro"], tpr["macro"],

label='macro-average ROC curve (area = {0:0.2f})'

''.format(roc_auc["macro"]),

color='navy', linestyle=':', linewidth=4)

colors = cycle(['aqua', 'darkorange', 'cornflowerblue'])

for i, color in zip(range(nb_classes), colors):

plt.plot(fpr[i], tpr[i], color=color, lw=lw,

label='ROC curve of class {0} (area = {1:0.2f})'

''.format(i, roc_auc[i]))

plt.plot([0, 1], [0, 1], 'k--', lw=lw)

plt.xlim([0.0, 1.0])

plt.ylim([0.0, 1.05])

plt.xlabel('False Positive Rate')

plt.ylabel('True Positive Rate')

plt.title('Some extension of Receiver operating characteristic to multi-class')

plt.legend(loc="lower right")

plt.savefig("../images/ROC/ROC_5分类.png")

plt.show()

print("--- %s seconds ---" % (time.time() - start_time))

ROC图如下所示：

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