IDEA Hibernate 配置many-to-one

刚开始接触Hibernate，遇到了很多问题，也学习了IDEA很多便捷的配置方法，具体可以参看前面的博文：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39663138/article/details/87882776

今天开始接触Hibernate比较高级的应用，对应于DB中ER模型中各种模式。但其配置也是弄了许久，下面记录一下。

Step 1：设置数据库

在 MySQL 中新建两个表，我设置的是 product 和 factory，用来反映多对一（many-to-one）的关系模式，一个产品来自一个工厂，但是一个工厂确可以生产多个产品，如图，并设置 product 的外码：

factory 表和 product 表

factory 表

product 表

外码

Step 2：IDEA设置生成类和配置文件

在此之前，新建项目，具体可参考：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39663138/article/details/87882776

完成项目创建后，点击左下角【Persistence】–>【右键项目名】–>【Generate Persistence Mapping】–> 【By Database Schema】

具体如图：

按如下配置，之后ok

修改一下 Product.hbm.xml 文件，如下：

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
    "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping>

    <class name="com.wyx.mapping.Product" table="product" schema="hibernate">
        <id name="id">
            <column name="id" sql-type="int(11)"/>
        </id>
        <property name="name">
            <column name="name" sql-type="varchar(45)" length="45"/>
        </property>
        <property name="price">
            <column name="price" sql-type="double" precision="-1"/>
        </property>
        <many-to-one name="factoryByFactoryId" class="com.wyx.mapping.Factory">
            <column name="factory_id"/>
        </many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

再修改一下 Product.java 文件

package com.wyx.mapping;

import java.util.Objects;

public class Product {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Double price;
    private Factory factoryByFactoryId;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public Double getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(Double price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object o) {
        if (this == o) return true;
        if (o == null || getClass() != o.getClass()) return false;
        Product product = (Product) o;
        return Objects.equals(id, product.id) &&
                Objects.equals(name, product.name) &&
                Objects.equals(price, product.price);
    }

    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
        return Objects.hash(id, name, price);
    }

    public Factory getFactoryByFactoryId() {
        return factoryByFactoryId;
    }

    public void setFactoryByFactoryId(Factory factoryByFactoryId) {
        this.factoryByFactoryId = factoryByFactoryId;
    }
}

hibernate.cfg.xml 文件如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
        "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
        "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <property name="connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
        <property name="connection.url">jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hibernate?serverTimezone=UTC&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8</property>
        <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
        <property name="show_sql">true</property>
        <property name="connection.username">temp</property>
        <property name="connection.password">temp</property>
        <mapping resource="com/wyx/mapping/Factory.hbm.xml"/>
        <mapping resource="com/wyx/mapping/Product.hbm.xml"/>
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

关于 connection.url 需要这么配置才不会报错，具体可以参看：
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_39663138/article/details/87122321

测试文件：

SelectProduct.java

package com.wyx.mapping;

import com.wyx.hibernate.HibernateUtil;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;

public class SelectProduct {
    public static void main(String[] args){
        Session session = null;
        Transaction transaction = null;
        try {
            session = HibernateUtil.getSession();
            transaction = session.beginTransaction();
            Product product = session.get(Product.class, new Integer("1"));
            System.out.println("name: " + product.getName());
            System.out.println("price: " + product.getPrice());
            System.out.println("factory: " + product.getFactoryByFactoryId().getName());
            transaction.commit();
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
            if (transaction != null){
                transaction.rollback();
            }
        }finally {
            HibernateUtil.closeSession();
        }
    }
}

其中，涉及 HibernateUtil.java 文件如下：（也可以简单配置获取Session，如下配置保证线程安全）

package com.wyx.hibernate;

import org.hibernate.HibernateException;
import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;

public class HibernateUtil {
    private static final ThreadLocal<Session> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
    private static SessionFactory sessionFactory = null;
    static {
        try {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();  // 加载 Hibernate 配置文件
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.err.println("创建会话工厂失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 获取 Session
    public static Session getSession() throws HibernateException {
        Session session = threadLocal.get();
        if (session == null || !session.isOpen()){
            if (sessionFactory == null){
                rebuildSessionFactory();
            }
            session = (sessionFactory != null) ? sessionFactory.openSession() : null;
            threadLocal.set(session);
        }
        return session;
    }

    /**
     *  重建会话工厂
     */
    public static void rebuildSessionFactory(){
        try {
            Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
            sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory();
        }catch (Exception e){
            System.err.println("创建会话工厂失败");
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    // 获取 SessionFactory 对象
    public static SessionFactory getSessionFactory(){
        return sessionFactory;
    }

    // 关闭 session
    public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException{
        Session session = threadLocal.get();
        threadLocal.set(null);
        if (session != null){
            session.close();  // 关闭 Session
        }
    }
}

运行结果：

如图所示，当查询工厂名称时，Hibernate又自动输出了一条语句进行查询。

记录结束~