Docker学习

Docker学习

参考遇见狂神说

框架图

image-20200515151441947

常用命令

image-20200515172827614

镜像(image)

# images 
⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker images -q                         
602e111c06b6
1d70b8750796
77be327e4b63
bf756fb1ae65
540a289bab6c
c489926ae4cb
ec07ee5bbb89
ea9846919a07 
# search  仓库中搜索镜像
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker search nginx --filter=STARS=5000
NAME                DESCRIPTION                STARS               OFFICIAL           
nginx               Official build of Nginx.   13174               [OK] 

# pull  拉取镜像
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker pull nginx 
Using default tag: latest   # 默认tag
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
54fec2fa59d0: Pull complete  	# 分层下载,docker镜像的核心
4ede6f09aefe: Pull complete 
f9dc69acb465: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:1de8dbae66ccb87c442ac9871987b729d7eee3b5341d9db50607feeeb650631e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest   # 真实下载地址

# rmi 删除镜像
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker rmi 540a289bab6c 
Untagged: nginx:1
Untagged: nginx@sha256:922c815aa4df050d4df476e92daed4231f466acc8ee90e0e774951b0fd7195a4
Deleted: sha256:540a289bab6cb1bf880086a9b803cf0c4cefe38cbb5cdefa199b69614525199f
Deleted: sha256:ab18af7cee69bfb22c1771e54d5e0e68b1a1bf57bb46516142da0380b1771f4a
Deleted: sha256:02f7daf1e14541cd61a3dda1a61cc0f78fee8de2984d488b8ba5bbd3cbad9b57
Deleted: sha256:b67d19e65ef653823ed62a5835399c610a40e8205c16f839c5cc567954fcf594

容器(container)

# docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name"	容器名称
-d 				后台运行
-it			使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 			指定容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口
	-p 容器端口
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-P			随机指定端口
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]# 
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]# 
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]# exit
exit
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  ls
apt  boot  dev  home                            initrd.img      lib    lost+found  mnt  proc  run   snap  sys  usr  vmlinuz
bin  data  etc  imgcreate_linux_install_0.1.23  initrd.img.old  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  srv   tmp  var  vmlinuz.old

# docker [-a] ps  查看运行的容器
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  ddocker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND                  CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                  NAMES
5551dc9522c6        602e111c06b6        "nginx -g 'daemon of…"   30 minutes ago      Up 30 minutes       0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp   tender_lamarr

# exit	退出后容器停止
# Ctrl + P + Q  容器不停止退出

# docker pa -a  查看所有容器状态
# rm 容器id  删除容器
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
5d83098e951b
26a0b31ec561
07b1d2c322c5
5551dc9522c6
251d14527383

# start/stop/restart/kill 容器操作
docker start 容器id

仓库(repository)

其他命令

# 查看已运行容器的docker run命令参数
docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock assaflavie/runlike 容器名或ID

# docker logs  查看容器日志
# docker top 容器id 
 ✘ ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker ps 
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS       
37980b4f0341        centos              "/bin/bash"         24 seconds ago      Up 23 seconds 
⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker top 379
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                22966               22939               0                   17:12               pts/0               00:00:00            /bin/bash
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  

# inspect 查看容器的元数据
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker inspect 379
[
    {
        "Id": "37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9",
        "Created": "2020-05-15T09:12:50.436565208Z",
        "Path": "/bin/bash",
        "Args": [],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 22966,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2020-05-15T09:12:51.049137378Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9-json.log",
        "Name": "/priceless_shannon",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "Capabilities": null,
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5f3b907590c342c8150688057bb6b3eaad8168e252b7fd2ebc9aed7b8349747/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "37980b4f0341",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": true,
            "AttachStdout": true,
            "AttachStderr": true,
            "Tty": true,
            "OpenStdin": true,
            "StdinOnce": true,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/bash"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
                "org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
                "org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
                "org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "6979dc6cc1ddf29d215035a7e823c8967575c0647cda7f7b852d90d40775c337",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/6979dc6cc1dd",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "9138156fa19ae4bc21ec79ef09b80eaac0f4f7092ad4e98461a11f8f33d0e6e8",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "bf797713b694d0b668f72534a5f9f37ed858f779dbce2c904ddf644118dbef74",
                    "EndpointID": "9138156fa19ae4bc21ec79ef09b80eaac0f4f7092ad4e98461a11f8f33d0e6e8",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

# exec -it       进入当前正在运行的容器,开启新的终端
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker ps
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS     
37980b4f0341        centos              "/bin/bash"         4 minutes ago      Up 4 minutes
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /  docker exec -it 379  /bin/bash
[root@37980b4f0341 /]# ls
bin  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  lost+found  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@37980b4f0341 /]# 
# docker attach 容器id  进入当前正在运行的容器,进入正在执行的终端

# commit  容器--> 镜像  相当于快照的镜像
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /home/ubuntu  docker commit -a="f4ke" -m="commit_test" 25c81ccbe3d9 tomcat01:1.0
sha256:1784b220d97375094d90d65c104576a25522196ded516af0da73827da4189d1f

命令小结:

docker网络

# evth-pair 成对的虚拟设备接口


? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? ip addr                                 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 52:54:00:5a:b3:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.16.16.12/20 brd 172.16.31.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe5a:b3c5/64 scope link 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br-434ead42964c: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default 
    link/ether 02:42:10:6d:3a:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.18.0.1/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global br-434ead42964c
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:dc:3a:ee:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
40: veth952788c@if39: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether 1a:f7:e7:4e:9f:39 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
42: veth112a8bf@if41: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default 
    link/ether 22:e9:9f:61:1d:54 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
 ? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr        
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
39: eth0@if40: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 ? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker exec -it tomcat02 ip addr        
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
41: eth0@if42: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default 
    link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
    inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever


# docker network create  自定义网络
--driver bridge 
--subnet 192.168.0.0/16 
--gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet

 ? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
eaa6d7a74275320f574543fd87de246010a11599258a2552ab11ec7689df4848
 ? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker network ls
NETWORK ID          NAME                DRIVER              SCOPE
eef373b689d1        bridge              bridge              local
2dcac8768d7e        host                host                local
eaa6d7a74275        mynet               bridge              local
f0e555a1df7a        none                null                local
434ead42964c        ubuntu_default      bridge              local

# 测试自定义网络的两个tomcat容器连通性
 ✘ ⚡ root@F4ke  /home/ubuntu  docker run -d -P --name tomcat-mynet-01 --net mynet tomcat
4c121d6103ac760990a742d88dd0f12e6d542bf775de8ac44958f1654aa74ca2
 ⚡ root@F4ke  /home/ubuntu  docker run -d -P --name tomcat-mynet-02 --net mynet tomcat
7ef23af66aa7e11f60c12d77342e5b3da8558024397188427e59fef3b584ce54

 ⚡ root@F4ke  /home/ubuntu  docker exec -it tomcat-mynet-01 ping tomcat-mynet-02
PING tomcat-mynet-02 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat-mynet-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-mynet-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-mynet-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
^C
--- tomcat-mynet-02 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 46ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.059/0.069/0.074/0.007 ms

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