Docker学习
参考遇见狂神说
框架图
常用命令
镜像(image)
# images
⚡ root@F4ke / docker images -q
602e111c06b6
1d70b8750796
77be327e4b63
bf756fb1ae65
540a289bab6c
c489926ae4cb
ec07ee5bbb89
ea9846919a07
# search 仓库中搜索镜像
⚡ root@F4ke / docker search nginx --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL
nginx Official build of Nginx. 13174 [OK]
# pull 拉取镜像
⚡ root@F4ke / docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest # 默认tag
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
54fec2fa59d0: Pull complete # 分层下载,docker镜像的核心
4ede6f09aefe: Pull complete
f9dc69acb465: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:1de8dbae66ccb87c442ac9871987b729d7eee3b5341d9db50607feeeb650631e
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest # 真实下载地址
# rmi 删除镜像
⚡ root@F4ke / docker rmi 540a289bab6c
Untagged: nginx:1
Untagged: nginx@sha256:922c815aa4df050d4df476e92daed4231f466acc8ee90e0e774951b0fd7195a4
Deleted: sha256:540a289bab6cb1bf880086a9b803cf0c4cefe38cbb5cdefa199b69614525199f
Deleted: sha256:ab18af7cee69bfb22c1771e54d5e0e68b1a1bf57bb46516142da0380b1771f4a
Deleted: sha256:02f7daf1e14541cd61a3dda1a61cc0f78fee8de2984d488b8ba5bbd3cbad9b57
Deleted: sha256:b67d19e65ef653823ed62a5835399c610a40e8205c16f839c5cc567954fcf594
容器(container)
# docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="Name" 容器名称
-d 后台运行
-it 使用交互方式运行,进入容器查看内容
-p 指定容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口
-p 容器端口
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-P 随机指定端口
⚡ root@F4ke / docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]#
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]#
[root@07b1d2c322c5 /]# exit
exit
⚡ root@F4ke / ls
apt boot dev home initrd.img lib lost+found mnt proc run snap sys usr vmlinuz
bin data etc imgcreate_linux_install_0.1.23 initrd.img.old lib64 media opt root sbin srv tmp var vmlinuz.old
# docker [-a] ps 查看运行的容器
⚡ root@F4ke / ddocker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
5551dc9522c6 602e111c06b6 "nginx -g 'daemon of…" 30 minutes ago Up 30 minutes 0.0.0.0:8888->80/tcp tender_lamarr
# exit 退出后容器停止
# Ctrl + P + Q 容器不停止退出
# docker pa -a 查看所有容器状态
# rm 容器id 删除容器
⚡ root@F4ke / docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)
5d83098e951b
26a0b31ec561
07b1d2c322c5
5551dc9522c6
251d14527383
# start/stop/restart/kill 容器操作
docker start 容器id
仓库(repository)
其他命令
# 查看已运行容器的docker run命令参数
docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock assaflavie/runlike 容器名或ID
# docker logs 查看容器日志
# docker top 容器id
✘ ⚡ root@F4ke / docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
37980b4f0341 centos "/bin/bash" 24 seconds ago Up 23 seconds
⚡ root@F4ke / docker top 379
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 22966 22939 0 17:12 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
⚡ root@F4ke /
# inspect 查看容器的元数据
⚡ root@F4ke / docker inspect 379
[
{
"Id": "37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9",
"Created": "2020-05-15T09:12:50.436565208Z",
"Path": "/bin/bash",
"Args": [],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 22966,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2020-05-15T09:12:51.049137378Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9/37980b4f0341f709d2a7bd22f9c1d401f22fb1df6c9964b87fa02d9518ed3bc9-json.log",
"Name": "/priceless_shannon",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "docker-default",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"Capabilities": null,
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/a5f3b907590c342c8150688057bb6b3eaad8168e252b7fd2ebc9aed7b8349747/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/41824e058b57fa3aa7bb65b576372dec02cf8b721f1754e9a47e8b814546da7e/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "37980b4f0341",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": true,
"AttachStdout": true,
"AttachStderr": true,
"Tty": true,
"OpenStdin": true,
"StdinOnce": true,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "6979dc6cc1ddf29d215035a7e823c8967575c0647cda7f7b852d90d40775c337",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/6979dc6cc1dd",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "9138156fa19ae4bc21ec79ef09b80eaac0f4f7092ad4e98461a11f8f33d0e6e8",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "bf797713b694d0b668f72534a5f9f37ed858f779dbce2c904ddf644118dbef74",
"EndpointID": "9138156fa19ae4bc21ec79ef09b80eaac0f4f7092ad4e98461a11f8f33d0e6e8",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
# exec -it 进入当前正在运行的容器,开启新的终端
⚡ root@F4ke / docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS
37980b4f0341 centos "/bin/bash" 4 minutes ago Up 4 minutes
⚡ root@F4ke / docker exec -it 379 /bin/bash
[root@37980b4f0341 /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@37980b4f0341 /]#
# docker attach 容器id 进入当前正在运行的容器,进入正在执行的终端
# commit 容器--> 镜像 相当于快照的镜像
⚡ root@F4ke /home/ubuntu docker commit -a="f4ke" -m="commit_test" 25c81ccbe3d9 tomcat01:1.0
sha256:1784b220d97375094d90d65c104576a25522196ded516af0da73827da4189d1f
命令小结:
docker网络
# evth-pair 成对的虚拟设备接口
? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:5a:b3:c5 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.16.16.12/20 brd 172.16.31.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe5a:b3c5/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: br-434ead42964c: <NO-CARRIER,BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state DOWN group default
link/ether 02:42:10:6d:3a:4e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.18.0.1/16 brd 172.18.255.255 scope global br-434ead42964c
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:dc:3a:ee:6d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 172.17.0.1/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global docker0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
40: veth952788c@if39: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 1a:f7:e7:4e:9f:39 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
42: veth112a8bf@if41: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue master docker0 state UP group default
link/ether 22:e9:9f:61:1d:54 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 1
? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker exec -it tomcat01 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
39: eth0@if40: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.2/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker exec -it tomcat02 ip addr
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
41: eth0@if42: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default
link/ether 02:42:ac:11:00:03 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff link-netnsid 0
inet 172.17.0.3/16 brd 172.17.255.255 scope global eth0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
# docker network create 自定义网络
--driver bridge
--subnet 192.168.0.0/16
--gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.0.0/16 --gateway 192.168.0.1 mynet
eaa6d7a74275320f574543fd87de246010a11599258a2552ab11ec7689df4848
? root@F4ke ? /home/ubuntu ? docker network ls
NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
eef373b689d1 bridge bridge local
2dcac8768d7e host host local
eaa6d7a74275 mynet bridge local
f0e555a1df7a none null local
434ead42964c ubuntu_default bridge local
# 测试自定义网络的两个tomcat容器连通性
✘ ⚡ root@F4ke /home/ubuntu docker run -d -P --name tomcat-mynet-01 --net mynet tomcat
4c121d6103ac760990a742d88dd0f12e6d542bf775de8ac44958f1654aa74ca2
⚡ root@F4ke /home/ubuntu docker run -d -P --name tomcat-mynet-02 --net mynet tomcat
7ef23af66aa7e11f60c12d77342e5b3da8558024397188427e59fef3b584ce54
⚡ root@F4ke /home/ubuntu docker exec -it tomcat-mynet-01 ping tomcat-mynet-02
PING tomcat-mynet-02 (192.168.0.3) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from tomcat-mynet-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-mynet-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.059 ms
64 bytes from tomcat-mynet-02.mynet (192.168.0.3): icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.074 ms
^C
--- tomcat-mynet-02 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 46ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.059/0.069/0.074/0.007 ms