学matlab的基础,matlab基础学习（一）

matlab基础学习(1)

在matlab中输入如下命令的结果：>> help j

J Imaginary unit.

As the basic imaginary unit SQRT(-1), i and j are used to enter

complex numbers. For example, the expressions 3+2i, 3+2*i, 3+2j,

3+2*j and 3+2*sqrt(-1) all have the same value.

Since both i and j are functions, they can be overridden and used

as a variable. This permits you to use i or j as an index in FOR

loops, subscripts, etc.

See also i.

Reference page in Help browser

doc j

>> help i

I Imaginary unit.

As the basic imaginary unit SQRT(-1), i and j are used to enter

complex numbers. For example, the expressions 3+2i, 3+2*i, 3+2j,

3+2*j and 3+2*sqrt(-1) all have the same value.

Since both i and j are functions, they can be overridden and used

as a variable. This permits you to use i or j as an index in FOR

loops, etc.

See also j.

Reference page in Help browser

doc i

>> sqrt(-1)

ans =

0 + 1.0000i

>> help real

REAL Complex real part.

REAL(X) is the real part of X.

See I or J to enter complex numbers.

See also isreal, imag, conj, angle, abs.

Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)

help frd/real.m

help sym/real.m

help iddata/real.m

Reference page in Help browser

doc real

>> help imag

IMAG Complex imaginary part.

IMAG(X) is the imaginary part of X.

See I or J to enter complex numbers.

See also real, isreal, conj, angle, abs.

Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)

help frd/imag.m

help sym/imag.m

help iddata/imag.m

Reference page in Help browser

doc imag

>> help conj

CONJ Complex conjugate.

CONJ(X) is the complex conjugate of X.

For a complex X, CONJ(X) = REAL(X) - i*IMAG(X).

See also real, imag, i, j.

Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)

help zpk/conj.m

help tf/conj.m

help ss/conj.m

help sym/conj.m

Reference page in Help browser

doc conj

>> help abs

ABS Absolute value.

ABS(X) is the absolute value of the elements of X. When

X is complex, ABS(X) is the complex modulus (magnitude) of

the elements of X.

See also sign, angle, unwrap, hypot.

Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)

help frd/abs.m

help sym/abs.m

help iddata/abs.m

Reference page in Help browser

doc abs

>> help angle

ANGLE Phase angle.

ANGLE(H) returns the phase angles, in radians, of a matrix with

complex elements.

Class support for input X:

float: double, single

See also abs, unwrap.

Overloaded functions or methods (ones with the same name in other directories)

help frd/angle.m

help iddata/angle.m

Reference page in Help browser

doc angle

以下是使用上述命令的例子：

>> x = 1

x =

1

>> y = 2;

>> z = x + j * y

z =

1.0000 + 2.0000i

>> 1/z

ans =

0.2000 - 0.4000i

>> z^2

ans =

-3.0000 + 4.0000i

>> real(z)

ans =

1

>> imag(z)

ans =

2

>> conj(z)

ans =

1.0000 - 2.0000i

>> z*conj(z)

ans =

5

>> abs(z)

ans =

2.2361

>> abs(z)^2

ans =

5.0000

>> angle(z)

ans =

1.1071

>>

注：在matlab中缺省没有对e进行定义，不过我们可以通过 e= exp(1)计算得到，如下

>> e = exp(1)

e =

2.7183

>>

复数的极坐标表示如下：>> z = 1 + j * 2

z =

1.0000 + 2.0000i

>> r = abs(z)

r =

2.2361

>> theta = angle(z)

theta =

1.1071

>> r * exp(j*theta)

ans =

1.0000 + 2.0000i

以下是一些比较有意思的操作：>> z = 1 + j* 2

z =

1.0000 + 2.0000i

>> z/conj(z)

ans =

-0.6000 + 0.8000i

>> theta = angle(z)

theta =

1.1071

>> exp(2*j*theta)

ans =

-0.6000 + 0.8000i

>> imag(log(z/abs(z)))

ans =

1.1071

>> theta

theta =

1.1071

>>

在matlab语法中另一个需要注意的问题是转置操作符'(对于矢量和矩阵)。

当是'符号时，进行共轭转置。

而当是.'时，进行转置，但没有共轭。

如下例所示：

>> x = [1:4]*j

x =

0 + 1.0000i 0 + 2.0000i 0 + 3.0000i 0 + 4.0000i

>> x'

ans =

0 - 1.0000i

0 - 2.0000i

0 - 3.0000i

0 - 4.0000i

>> x.'

ans =

0 + 1.0000i

0 + 2.0000i

0 + 3.0000i

0 + 4.0000i

>>