python orm框架sqlalchemy_python orm 框架中sqlalchemy用法实例详解

本文实例讲述了python orm 框架中sqlalchemy用法。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：

一.ORM简介

1. ORM(Object-Relational Mapping,对象关系映射):作用是在关系型数据库和业务实体对象之间做一个映射.

2. ORM优点:

向开发者屏蔽了数据库的细节,使开发者无需与SQL语句打交道,提高了开发效率;

便于数据库的迁移,由于每种数据库的SQL语法有差别,基于Sql的数据访问层在更换数据库时通过需要花费时间调试SQL时间,而ORM提供了独立于SQL的接口,ORM的引擎会处理不同数据库之间的差异,所以迁移数据库时无需更改代码.

应用缓存优化等技术有时可以提高数据库操作的效率.

3. SQLALchemy:是python中最成熟的ORM框架,资源和文档很丰富,大多数python web框架对其有很好的主持,能够胜任大多数应用场合,SQLALchemy被认为是python事实上的ORM标准.

二、代码

1.建表

"""

Created on 19-10-22

@author: apple

@description:建表

"""

import pymysql

server = '127.0.0.1'

user = 'root'

# dev

password = '123456'

conn = pymysql.connect(server, user, password, database='DataSave') # 获取连接

cursor = conn.cursor() # 获取游标

# "**ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8**"-创建表的过程中增加这条，中文就不是乱码

# 创建表

cursor.execute ("""

CREATE TABLE if not exists lamp_result(

result_id INT NOT NULL auto_increment primary key,

product_number VARCHAR(100),

record_time VARCHAR(100),

lamp_color INT NOT NULL,

detect_result VARCHAR(100),

old_pic_path VARCHAR(100),

result_pic_path VARCHAR(100)

)

ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4

""")

# 查询数据

cursor.execute('SELECT * FROM lamp_result')

row = cursor.fetchone()

print(row)

# cursor.execute("INSERT INTO user VALUES('%d', '%s','%s','%s','%s')" % ('xiaoming','qwe','ming','@163.com'))

# 提交数据，才会写入表格

conn.commit()

# 关闭游标关闭数据库

cursor.close()

conn.close()

2. 数据存储

"""

Created on 19-10-22

@author: apple

@requirement:Anaconda 4.3.0 (64-bit) Python3.6

@description:数据存储

"""

from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, create_engine

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

Base = declarative_base()

# 连接数据库

# alter table students convert to character set utf8;

conn = "mysql+pymysql://root:password@0.0.0.0:3306/DataSave"

engine = create_engine(conn, encoding='UTF8', echo=False) # echo=True 打印日志

# 创建session对象

Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

session = Session()

# 数据库表模型ORM

class DataSaveSystem(Base):

"""

员工自助信息采集系统

"""

__tablename__ = 'lamp_result' # 定义表名

# 定义列名

result_id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True, nullable=False)

product_number = Column(String(50), nullable=True)

record_time = Column(String(50), nullable=False)

lamp_color = Column(Integer, nullable=False)

detect_result = Column(String(100), nullable=False)

old_pic_path = Column(String(100), nullable=False)

result_pic_path = Column(String(100), nullable=False)

def __repr__(self):

"""

引用该类别，输出结果

:return:

"""

return str(self.__dict__)

# return ''.format(self.detect_result)

# 插入数据

def insert_to_db(product_number=None, record_time=None, lamp_color=None,

detect_result=None, old_pic_path=None, result_pic_path=None):

'''

:param product_number: 产品编号

:param record_time: 取原图时间

:param lamp_color: 灯的颜色:1 2 3 4

:param detect_result: 检测结果

:param old_pic_path: 原图路径

:param result_pic_path: 结果图路径

:return: 数据是否写入成功

'''

information_system_instance = DataSaveSystem(

product_number=product_number,

record_time=record_time,

lamp_color=lamp_color,

detect_result=detect_result,

old_pic_path=old_pic_path,

result_pic_path=result_pic_path)

# session.add_all([

# lamp_result(id=2, name="张2", age=19),

# lamp_result(id=3, name="张3", age=20)

# ])

session.add(information_system_instance)

try:

session.commit() # 尝试提交数据库事务

# print('数据库数据提交成功')

return {

"code": 200,

"status": True,

"message": "写入数据库成功",

}

except SQLAlchemyError as e:

session.rollback()

print(e)

return {

"code": 500,

"status": False,

"message": str(e)

}

# url = "mysql+pymysql://root:password@0.0.0.1:3306/DataSave"

# # echo为True时，打印sql,可用于调试

# engine = create_engine(url, echo=False, encoding='utf-8', pool_size=5)

# sessionClass = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

# # 创建会话

# session = sessionClass()

# # 查所有,并排序

# stuList = session.query(DataSaveSystem).order_by(DataSaveSystem.result_id).all()

# print(stuList)

#

stu = DataSaveSystem(product_number='id1',

record_time='20191022170400',

lamp_color='1',

detect_result='ok',

old_pic_path='picture/',

result_pic_path='d')

# session.add(stu)

stuList = [DataSaveSystem(product_number='id1',

record_time='20191022170400',

lamp_color='1',

detect_result='ok',

old_pic_path='picture/',

result_pic_path='d'),

DataSaveSystem(product_number='id1',

record_time='20191022170400',

lamp_color='1',

detect_result='ok',

old_pic_path='picture/',

result_pic_path='d')]

# session.add_all(stuList)

# session.commit()

# print('数据成功')

if __name__ == '__main__':

result = insert_to_db(stu)

print(result)

3.数据函数调用

"""

Created on 19-10-31

@author: apple

@requirement:Anaconda 4.3.0 (64-bit) Python3.6

@description:调取函数基类

"""

from data_sql.airconditioning_lamp_datasave.datasave import DataSaveSystem

from sqlalchemy.exc import SQLAlchemyError

from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base

from sqlalchemy import Column, String, Integer, create_engine

from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker

Base = declarative_base()

# 连接数据库

# alter table students convert to character set utf8;

conn = "mysql+pymysql://root:password@0.0.0.1:3306/DataSave"

engine = create_engine(conn, encoding='UTF8', echo=False) # echo=True 打印日志

# 创建session对象

Session = sessionmaker(bind=engine)

session = Session()

stuList = [DataSaveSystem(product_number='id1',

record_time='20191022170400',

lamp_color='1',

detect_result='ok',

old_pic_path='picture/',

result_pic_path='F'),

DataSaveSystem(product_number='id1',

record_time='20191022170400',

lamp_color='1',

detect_result='ok',

old_pic_path='picture/',

result_pic_path='F'),DataSaveSystem(product_number='id1',

record_time='20191022170400',

lamp_color='1',

detect_result='ok',

old_pic_path='picture/',

result_pic_path='F'),DataSaveSystem(product_number='id1',

record_time='20191022170400',

lamp_color='1',

detect_result='ok',

old_pic_path='picture/',

result_pic_path='F')]

session.add_all(stuList)

session.commit()

print('数据成功')

# # 根据主建查询数据

# result = session.query(DataSaveSystem).get(3)

# print(result.old_pic_path)

# # 查询第一条

# result = session.query(DataSaveSystem).first()

# print(result) #打印对象属性

# 查询表关键字的数据

result = session.query(DataSaveSystem).filter_by(result_pic_path='a/').first()

print(result)

#修改

session.query(DataSaveSystem).filter(DataSaveSystem.result_pic_path=='a/').update({"detect_result":"不合格"})

session.commit()

希望本文所述对大家Python程序设计有所帮助。