在系统中使用man useradd查看帮助:
>USERADD(8) System Management Commands USERADD(8)
NAME
useradd - create a new user or update default new user information
SYNOPSIS
useradd [options] LOGIN
useradd -D
useradd -D [options]
DESCRIPTION
useradd is a low level utility for adding users. On Debian, administrators should usually use adduser(8) instead.
从文档中可以看出推荐在Debian系统上使用adduser,而不是useradd。
使用man adduser查看文档:
>ADDUSER(8) System Manager's Manual ADDUSER(8)
NAME
adduser, addgroup - add a user or group to the system
SYNOPSIS
adduser [options] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--firstuid ID] [--lastuid ID] [--ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--dis‐
abled-password] [--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] [--add_extra_groups] [--encrypt-home] user
adduser --system [options] [--home DIR] [--shell SHELL] [--no-create-home] [--uid ID] [--group | --ingroup GROUP | --gid ID] [--disabled-password]
[--disabled-login] [--gecos GECOS] user
addgroup [options] [--gid ID] group
addgroup --system [options] [--gid ID] group
adduser [options] user group
COMMON OPTIONS
[--quiet] [--debug] [--force-badname] [--help|-h] [--version] [--conf FILE]
DESCRIPTION
adduser and addgroup add users and groups to the system according to command line options and configuration information in /etc/adduser.conf.
They are friendlier front ends to the low level tools like useradd, groupadd and usermod programs, by default choosing Debian policy conformant
UID and GID values, creating a home directory with skeletal configuration, running a custom script, and other features. adduser and addgroup can
be run in one of five modes:
可以看出adduser的参数更全面,更好用。
顺便提一下,如果想为一个系统服务创建专门的用户,比如说为hadoop服务创建一个专门的hadoop用户用来运行相关程序,这时候可以使用如下命令:
adduser --system hadoop
使用--system创建的是系统用户,系统用户默认的shell是/usr/sbin/nologin,这个shell禁止登录,只能运行程序,所以非常安全。
本地用户想要切换到系统用户可以使用如下命令:
su - hadoop -s /bin/bash
现在就切换到bash,可以正常运行了。