python 多维数组同时计算_PythonNumPy中多维数组的条件化与运算

我有一个三维数组(如下，z)，例如，在时间上代表一系列2D数组(如下，a1和a2)。我想为所有这些2D数组沿它们的轴选择一些值(下面两个参考轴(x和y)的条件)，然后对产生的“较小”2D数组执行一些操作(例如，平均值、求和…)。在

下面的代码提出了几种方法。我发现solution1非常不雅观，但它似乎比solution2快。为什么会这样呢？有没有更好的方法(更简洁、更高效(速度和内存))？在

关于步骤2，哪一个是最好的选择，还有其他更有效的方法吗？为什么计算C2不起作用？谢谢！

[灵感来源：Get mean of 2D slice of a 3D array in numpy]import numpy

import time

# Control parameters (to be modified to make different tests)

xx=1000

yy=6000

# Some 2D arrays, z is a 3D array containing a succesion of such arrays (2 here)

a1=numpy.arange(xx*yy).reshape((yy, xx))

a2=numpy.linspace(0,100, num=xx*yy).reshape((yy, xx))

z=numpy.array((a1, a2))

# Axes x and y along which conditioning for the 2D arrays is made

x=numpy.arange(xx)

y=numpy.arange(yy)

# Condition is on x and y, to be applied on a1 and a2 simultaneously

xmin, xmax = xx*0.4, xx*0.8

ymin, ymax = yy*0.2, yy*0.5

xcond = numpy.logical_and(x>=xmin, x<=xmax)

ycond = numpy.logical_and(y>=ymin, y<=ymax)

def solution1():

xcond2D = numpy.tile(xcond, (yy, 1))

ycond2D = numpy.tile(ycond[numpy.newaxis].transpose(), (1, xx))

xymask = numpy.logical_not(numpy.logical_and(xcond2D, ycond2D))

xymaskzdim = numpy.tile(xymask, (z.shape[0], 1, 1))

return numpy.ma.MaskedArray(z, xymaskzdim)

def solution2():

return z[:,:,xcond][:,ycond, :]

start=time.clock()

z1=solution1()

end=time.clock()

print "Solution1: %s sec" % (end-start)

start=time.clock()

z2=solution2()

end=time.clock()

print "Solution2: %s sec" % (end-start)

# Step 2

# Now compute some calculation on the resulting z1 or z2

print "A1: ", z2.reshape(z2.shape[0], z2.shape[1]*z2.shape[2]).mean(axis=1)

print "A2: ", z1.reshape(z1.shape[0], z1.shape[1]*z1.shape[2]).mean(axis=1)

print "B1: ", z2.mean(axis=2).mean(axis=1)

print "B2: ", z1.mean(axis=2).mean(axis=1)

print "Numpy version: ", numpy.version.version

print "C1: ", z2.mean(axis=(1, 2))

print "C2: ", z1.mean(axis=(1, 2))

输出：

^{pr2}$