getopts 可选参数_Bash - 需要可选参数但不传递以在getopts中使用(Bash - optional argument required but not passed for use ...

Several points here:

# Note the leading ':'

while getopts :ht: OPTION

do

case $OPTION in

h)

echo "Hi"

;;

t)

echo "You entered $OPTARG"

if [[ ${OPTARG:0:1} == '-' ]]; then

echo "Invalid value $OPTARG given to -$OPTION" >&2

exit 1

fi

;;

:) echo "$0: -$OPTARG needs a value" >&2;

exit 2

;;

\?) echo "$0: unknown option -$OPTARG" >&2;

exit 3

;;

esac

done

The leading ':' on the option list allows us to do our own error handling. If an unknown option is supplied then OPTION is set to a ?. Note that in the case statement this has to be escaped (prefixed with a \), otherwise it would match any single character.

If a value is not supplied to an option, then OPTION is set to a :. Unfortunately this does not help if someone does:

./x -t -h

since the -h will be taken as the OPTARG to option -t. Hence the extra test.

Notice that all the error messages go to standard-error (>&2). To halt the execution of the script we use exit followed by a number in the range 0-255. The only number with a specific meaning is zero, which means success. The numbers 1-255 can have any meaning that we choose, but all imply failure.

Using your examples:

./x.sh -t -h

You entered -h

Invalid value -h given to -t

./x.sh -h -t aa

Hi

You entered aa

./x.sh -h -t

Hi

./x.sh: -t needs a value

./x.sh -t tea -c

You entered tea

./x.sh: unknown option -c