python字典内置函数_Python3 字典内置函数

如何定义一个字典？

info={"k1":18, #key:key值

"k2":True,"k3":[11,22,{"kk1":"vv1","kk2":"vv2"}]

}print(info)

运行结果：

{‘k1‘: 18, ‘k2‘: True, ‘k3‘: [11, 22, {‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘}]}

字典可以进行多重嵌套

布尔值不能作为字典的key

列表不能作为字典的key

字典也不能作为字典的key

元组可以

而且字典是无序的，顺序不定

info={"k1":18,"k2":True,"k3":[11,22,{"kk1":"vv1","kk2":"vv2"}]

}

如何取到18

答案：print(info["k1"])

如何取到11

答案：print(info["k3"][0])

如何取到从vv1

print(info["k3"][2]["kk1"])

如何删除k1

del info["k1"]

如何删除kk2

del info["k3"][2]["kk2"]

字典能否for循环？

可以for循环，但是只能显示key 无法读取到key值

dict的函数：

#keys 获取字典的key

info={"k1":18,"k2":True,"k3":[11,22,{"kk1":"vv1","kk2":"vv2"}]

}

v=info.keys()print(v)

运行结果：

dict_keys([‘k1‘, ‘k2‘, ‘k3‘])

#items 读取整个字典

如何获取到字典的key 和值

info={"k1":18,"k2":True,"k3":[11,22,{"kk1":"vv1","kk2":"vv2"}]

}for k,v ininfo.items():print(k,v)

运行结果：

k1 18

k2 True

k3 [11, 22, {‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘}]

#clear 清空整个字典

info={"k1":18,"k2":True,"k3":[11,22,{"kk1":"vv1","kk2":"vv2"}]

}

info.clear()print(info)

运行结果：

{}

#copy函数，浅复制一个字典

info={"k1":18,"k2":True,"k3":[11,22,{"kk1":"vv1","kk2":"vv2"}]

}

v1=info.copy()print(v1)

运行结果：

{‘k1‘: 18, ‘k2‘: True, ‘k3‘: [11, 22, {‘kk1‘: ‘vv1‘, ‘kk2‘: ‘vv2‘}]}

#fromkeys 传递序列，第一个参数作为key，第二个参数作为值

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)print(v)

运行结果：

{‘chen‘: 111, ‘chao‘: 111, ‘zhen‘: 111}

#get 取某个key的值，不存在会返回None，不会报错

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)print(v.get("kk1"))

运行结果：

None

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)print(v.get("chen"))

运行结果：

111

#pop  删除某个key 然后返回该key的值，如果该key没有 可以返回指定的值

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)

v1=v.pop("chen")print(v1)

运行结果：

111

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)

v1=v.pop("abb",100)print(v1)

运行结果：

100

#popitems 随机删除某个key 并返回key和key值

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)

v1,v2=v.popitem()print(v1,v2)

运行结果：

zhen 111

#setdefault 设置某个key的值，已经存在就获取当前key对应的值，不存在就插入该key

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)

v1=v.setdefault("chen","123") #chen已经存在，返回key值

v.setdefault("b",12) #b不存在，插入字典

print(v,v1)

运行结果：

{‘chen‘: 111, ‘chao‘: 111, ‘zhen‘: 111, ‘b‘: 12} 111

#update 更新key和key值

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)

v.update({"chen":99})print(v)

运行结果：

{‘chen‘: 99, ‘chao‘: 111, ‘zhen‘: 111}

另外一种书写方式：

v=dict.fromkeys(["chen","chao","zhen"],111)

v.update(chen=99,chao=88,zhen=90)print(v)

运行结果：

{‘chen‘: 99, ‘chao‘: 88, ‘zhen‘: 90}