qpython 3h和oh_**python中的类和他的成员

特性：

封装

封装最好理解了。封装是面向对象的特征之一，是对象和类概念的主要特性。

封装，也就是把客观事物封装成抽象的类，并且类可以把自己的数据和方法只让可信的类或者对象操作，对不可信的进行信息隐藏。

__init__ 是封装必不可少的，看列子：

class Init():

def __init__(self,name,age,gender):

self.Name = name

self.Age = age

self.Gender = gender

obj1 = Init('xiao',15,'男')

obj2 = Init('yao',16,'女')

print(obj1.Name)

print(obj2.Name)

这样实现了数据封装

xiao

yao

继承

继承是指这样一种能力：它可以使用现有类的所有功能，并在无需重新编写原来的类的情况下对这些功能进行扩展。(此处我们只讨论python3的继承)

通过继承创建的新类称为“子类”或“派生类”。

被继承的类称为“基类”、“父类”或“超类”。

继承的过程，就是从一般到特殊的过程。

要实现继承，可以通过“继承”(Inheritance)和“组合”(Composition)来实现。

在某些 OOP 语言中，一个子类可以继承多个基类。但是一般情况下，一个子类只能有一个基类，要实现多重继承，可以通过多级继承来实现。

class C1():

def c1(self):

print('C1')

class C2(C1):

def c2(self):

print('C2')

class C3():

def c3(self):

print('C3')

def c1(self):

print('C3')

class C4(C2,C3):

def c4(self):

print('C4')

obj = C4()

obj.c1()

obj1 = C3()

obj1.c1()

输出结果：

C1

C3

可见，C4继承C2，C3，C2又继承C1，所以obj会有c1方法。

类的继承可以总结为：

1.左侧优先

class C4(C2,C3) 这里C2比C3优先

2.深度优先

上面例子C1和C3都有c1方法，但是最后C4继承的是C1的c1

3.有共同的父类，最后找父类

看图红色箭头表示继承关系，黑色箭头表示查找关系

图一：                                                                                                       图二：

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