python 图像识别 定位_OpenCV图像识别：车牌定位算法源码，Python语言实现

#-*-coding: utf-8-*-

import cv2

import numpy as np

import math

def stretch(img):

max = float(img.max())

min = float(img.min())

for i in range(img.shape[0]):

for j in range(img.shape[1]):

img[i, j] = (255/(max-min))*img[i,j]-(255*min)/(max-min)

return img

def dobinaryzation(img):

max = float(img.max())

min = float(img.min())

x = max - ((max-min) / 2)

ret, threshedimg = cv2.threshold(img, x, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)

return threshedimg

def find_retangle(contour):

y, x = [], []

for p in contour:

y.append(p[0][0])

x.append(p[0][1])

return [min(y), min(x), max(y), max(x)]

def locate_license(img, orgimg):

img, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(img, cv2.RETR_EXTERNAL, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

# 找出最大的三个区域

blocks = []

for c in contours:

# 找出轮廓的左上点和右下点，由此计算它的面积和长宽比

r = find_retangle(c)

a = (r[2]-r[0]) * (r[3]-r[1])

s = (r[2]-r[0]) / (r[3]-r[1])

blocks.append([r, a, s])

# 选出面积最大的3个区域

blocks = sorted(blocks, key=lambda b: b[2])[-3:]

# 使用颜色识别判断找出最像车牌的区域

maxweight, maxinedx = 0, -1

for i in xrange(len(blocks)):

b = orgimg[blocks[i][0][1]:blocks[i][0][3], blocks[i][0][0]:blocks[i][0][2]]

# RGB转HSV

hsv = cv2.cvtColor(b, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)

# 蓝色车牌范围

lower = np.array([100,50,50])

upper = np.array([140,255,255])

# 根据阈值构建掩模

mask = cv2.inRange(hsv, lower, upper)

# 统计权值

w1 = 0

for m in mask:

w1 += m / 255

w2 = 0

for w in w1:

w2 += w

# 选出最大权值的区域

if w2 > maxweight:

maxindex = i

maxweight = w2

return blocks[maxindex][0]

def find_license(img):

'''预处理'''

# 压缩图像

img = cv2.resize(img, (400, 400*img.shape[0]/img.shape[1]))

# RGB转灰色

grayimg = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# 灰度拉伸

stretchedimg = stretch(grayimg)

# 进行开运算，用来去噪声

r = 16

h = w = r * 2 + 1

kernel = np.zeros((h, w), dtype=np.uint8)

cv2.circle(kernel, (r, r), r, 1, -1)

openingimg = cv2.morphologyEx(stretchedimg, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

strtimg = cv2.absdiff(stretchedimg,openingimg)

# 图像二值化

binaryimg = dobinaryzation(strtimg)

# 使用Canny函数做边缘检测

cannyimg = cv2.Canny(binaryimg, binaryimg.shape[0], binaryimg.shape[1])

''' 消除小区域，保留大块区域，从而定位车牌'''

# 进行闭运算

kernel = np.ones((5,19), np.uint8)

closingimg = cv2.morphologyEx(cannyimg, cv2.MORPH_CLOSE, kernel)

# 进行开运算

openingimg = cv2.morphologyEx(closingimg, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

# 再次进行开运算

kernel = np.ones((11,5), np.uint8)

openingimg = cv2.morphologyEx(openingimg, cv2.MORPH_OPEN, kernel)

# 消除小区域，定位车牌位置

rect = locate_license(openingimg, img)

return rect, img

if __name__ == '__main__':

# 读取图片

orgimg = cv2.imread('car.jpg')

rect, img = find_license(orgimg)

# 框出车牌

cv2.rectangle(img, (rect[0], rect[1]), (rect[2], rect[3]), (0,255,0),2)

cv2.imshow('img', img)

cv2.waitKey(0)

cv2.destroyAllWindows()

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