android ui 绘制过程,Android UI绘制流程及原理详解

一、绘制流程源码路径

1、Activity加载ViewRootImpl

ActivityThread.handleResumeActivity()

--> WindowManagerImpl.addView(decorView, layoutParams)

--> WindowManagerGlobal.addView()

2、ViewRootImpl启动View树的遍历

ViewRootImpl.setView(decorView, layoutParams, parentView)

-->ViewRootImpl.requestLayout()

-->scheduleTraversals()

-->TraversalRunnable.run()

-->doTraversal()

-->performTraversals()(performMeasure、performLayout、performDraw)

二、View绘制流程

1、measure

(1)MeasureSpec是什么?

重写过onMeasure()方法都知道,测量需要用到MeasureSpec类获取View的测量模式和大小,那么这个类是怎样存储这两个信息呢?

留心观察的话会发现,onMeasure方法的两个参数实际是32位int类型数据,即:

00 000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

而其结构为 mode + size ,前2位为mode,而后30位为size。

==> getMode()方法(measureSpec --> mode):

private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;

// 0x3转换为二进制即为:11

// 左移30位后:11000000 00000000 00000000 00000000

private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;

public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {

// 与MODE_MASK按位与运算后,即将低30位清零,结果为mode左移30位后的值

return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);

}

getSize()方法同理。

==> makeMeasureSpec()方法(mode + size --> measureSpec):

public static int makeMeasureSpec(

@IntRange(from = 0,

to = (1 << MeasureSpec.MODE_SHIFT) - 1) int size,

@MeasureSpecMode int mode) {

if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {

return size + mode;

} else {

return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);

}

}

这里解释一下,按位或左侧为size的高2位清零后的结果,右侧为mode的低30位清零后的结果,两者按位或运算的结果正好为高2位mode、低30位size,例:

01000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 |

00001000 00001011 11110101 10101101 =

01001000 00001011 11110101 10101101

==> 测量模式:

public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;

public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;

public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;

UNSPECIFIED:父容器不对View作任何限制,系统内部使用。

EXACTLY:精确模式,父容器检测出View大小,即为SpecSize;对应LayoutParams中的match_parent和指定大小的情况。

AT_MOST:最大模式,父容器指定可用大小,View的大小不能超出这个值;对应wrap_content。

(2)ViewGroup的测量流程

回到ViewRootImpl的performMeasure方法,这里传入的参数为顶层DecorView的测量规格,其测量方式为:

private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {

int measureSpec;

switch (rootDimension) {

case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:

measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);

break;

case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:

measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);

break;

default:

measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);

break;

}

return measureSpec;

}

match_parent和具体数值大小为EXACTLY模式,wrap_content则为AT_MOST模式。

往下走,performMeasure方法中调用了DecorView的onMeasure方法,而DecorView继承自FrameLayout,可以看到FL的onMeasure方法中调用了measureChildWithMargins方法,并传入自身的测量规格:

protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,

int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,

int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {

final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,

mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin

+ widthUsed, lp.width);

final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,

mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin

+ heightUsed, lp.height);

child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);

}

即测量子控件的大小,测量规则详情可看getChildMeasureSpec方法,总结如下:

childLayoutParams\parentSpecMode

EXACTLY

AT_MOST

UNSPECIFIED

dp

EXACTLY/childSize

EXACTLY/childSize

EXCATLY/childSize

match_parent

EXACTLY/parentSize

AT_MOST/parentSize

UNSPECIFIED/0

wrap_content

AT_MOST/parentSize

AT_MOST/parentSize

UNSPECIFIED/0

回到onMeasure方法,测完子控件之后,ViewGroup会经过一些计算,得出自身大小:

// 加上padding

maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();

maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();

// 检查是否小于最小宽度、最小高度

maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());

maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());

// 检查Drawable的最小高度和宽度

final Drawable drawable = getForeground();

if (drawable != null) {

maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());

maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());

}

setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),

resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,

childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));

综上,ViewGroup的测量需要先测量子View的大小,而后结合padding等属性计算得出自身大小。

(3)View的测量流程

View.performMeasure()

-->onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec)

-->setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)

-->setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight)

可以看到setMeasuredDimensionRaw()方法:

private void setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {

// 存储测量结果

mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;

mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;

// 设置测量完成的标志位

mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;

}

View不需要考虑子View的大小,根据内容测量得出自身大小即可。

另外,View中的onMeasure方法中调用到getDefaultSize方法:

protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {

setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),

getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));

}

public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {

int result = size;

int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);

int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);

switch (specMode) {

case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:

result = size;

break;

case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:

case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:

// 最终测量的结果都是父容器的大小

result = specSize;

break;

}

return result;

}

这里看到精确模式和最大模式,最终测量的结果都是父容器的大小,即布局中的wrap_content、match_parent以及数值大小效果都一样,这也就是自定义View一定要重写onMeasure方法的原因。

2、layout

布局相对测量而言要简单许多,从ViewRootImpl的performLayout方法出发,可以看到其中调用了DecorView的layout方法:

// 实则为DecorView的left, top, right, bottom四个信息

host.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());

进入layout方法,发现l、t、r、b被传递到了setFrame方法中,并设置给了成员变量:

mLeft = left;

mTop = top;

mRight = right;

mBottom = bottom;

所以,布局实际为调用View的layout方法,设置自身的l、t、r、b值。另外,layout方法中往下走,可以看到调用了onLayout方法,进入后发现为空方法。因而查看FrameLayout的onLayout方法:

@Override

protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {

layoutChildren(left, top, right, bottom, false /* no force left gravity */);

}

void layoutChildren(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, boolean forceLeftGravity) {

final int count = getChildCount();

// 省略

for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {

final View child = getChildAt(i);

if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {

final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();

// 省略

child.layout(childLeft, childTop, childLeft + width, childTop + height);

}

}

}

可以看到,进行一系列计算后,调用了child的layout方法,对子控件进行布局,同时子控件又会继续往下对自己的子控件布局,从而实现遍历。

综上,布局实际为调用layout方法设置View位置,ViewGroup则需要另外实现onLayout方法摆放子控件。

3、draw

(1)绘制过程入口

ViewRootImpl.performDraw()

-->ViewRootImpl.draw()

-->ViewRootImpl.drawSoftware()

-->View.draw()

(2)绘制步骤

进入到View的draw方法中,可以看到以下一段注释:

/*

* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed

* in the appropriate order:

*

* 1. Draw the background

* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading

* 3. Draw view's content

* 4. Draw children

* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers

* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)

*/

结合draw方法的源码,绘制过程的关键步骤如下:

==> 绘制背景:drawBackground(canvas)

==> 绘制自己:onDraw(canvas)

==> 绘制子view:dispatchDraw(canvas)

==> 绘制滚动条、前景等装饰:onDrawForeground(canvas)

感谢大家的阅读和对脚本之家的支持。

  • 0
    点赞
  • 0
    收藏
    觉得还不错? 一键收藏
  • 0
    评论
评论
添加红包

请填写红包祝福语或标题

红包个数最小为10个

红包金额最低5元

当前余额3.43前往充值 >
需支付:10.00
成就一亿技术人!
领取后你会自动成为博主和红包主的粉丝 规则
hope_wisdom
发出的红包
实付
使用余额支付
点击重新获取
扫码支付
钱包余额 0

抵扣说明:

1.余额是钱包充值的虚拟货币,按照1:1的比例进行支付金额的抵扣。
2.余额无法直接购买下载,可以购买VIP、付费专栏及课程。

余额充值