mpls工作原理通俗解释_MPLS-自己的经验理解通俗易懂

MPLS-自己的经验理解通俗易懂

MPLS及MPLS VPN基本概念2012年3月MPLS VPN的基本概念目录MPLS的基本概念1 13 3MPLS 及MPLS VPN举例传统IP路由网络的缺陷传统的IP数据转发使用路由协议传送IP路由信息 基于IP包的目标地址进行数据转发 IP包每经过一个路由器都需要进行路由表 的查询 IP的逐跳转发，在经过的每一跳处，必须进行路 由表的最长匹配查找(可能多次)，速度缓慢。在传统的IP转发中的流量工程问题Most traffic goes between large sites A and B and uses only the primary link. Destination-based routing does not provide any mechanism for load balancing across unequal paths. Policy-based routing can be used to forward packets based on other parameters, but this is not a scalable solution.Primary OC192 linkLarge Site ALarge Site BSmall Site CBackup OC 48 linkReview Questions列出主要的传统IP路由缺点. IP包的传发是基于那一种信息 为什么这种转发机制不适用于大型网络MPLS架构及相关技术MPLS数据转发 MPLS的标签转发，通过事先分配好的标签，为报文建立 了一条标签转发通道(LSP)，在通道经过的每一台设备 处，只需要进行快速的标签交换即可(一次查找)。MPLS多协议标签交换 MPLSMulti-Protocol Label Switching 在IP网络实现2.5层数据交换MPLS 的基本概念 基于标签进行数据转发的机制 标签对应于IP目标路由网络 标签可对应于其他相关参数 Qos IP源地址 支持多种协议的转发MPLS/IP网络MPLS 架构 控制层面(Control plane) 运用路由协议进行路由信息的交换 运用标签分发协议进行标签交换 数据层面(Data plane) 基于标签进行数据转发MPLS Architecture Router functionality is divided into two major parts control plane and data planeData PlaneControl PlaneOSPF 10.0.0.0/8LDP 10.0.0.0/8 Label 17OSPFLDPLFIBLDP 10.0.0.0/8 Label 4OSPF 10.0.0.0/8417Labeled packet Label 4Labeled packet Label 17Label atMPLS uses a 32-bit label field that contains the following ination 20-bit label 3-bit experimental field 1-bit bottom-of-stack indicator 8-bit time-to-live TTL fieldLABELEXPSTTL0192223312024FrameMode MPLSFrame HeaderIP HeaderPayloadLayer 2Layer 3Frame HeaderLabelIP HeaderPayloadLayer 2 Layer 2 Layer 3Routing lookup and label assignmentLabel Switch Router Label switch router LSR 转发打了标签的IP包 Edge LSR 给IP包打标签并转发到MPLS域 删除标签并把IP包从MPLS域转发出去MPLS DomainEdge LSRLSR10.1.1.1L3L5L43L3120.1.1.110.1.1.120.1.1.1LSR的功能架构LSRs, regardless of the type, per the following three functions Exchange routing ination Exchange labels Forward packets LSRs and edge LSRs The first two functions are part of the control plane. The last function is part of the data plane.Architecture of LSRsLSRs primarily forward labeled packets.LSRControl PlaneData PlaneRouting ProtocolLabel Distribution ProtocolLabel Forwarding TableIP Routing TableExchange of routing inationExchange of labelsIncoming labeled packetsOutgoing labeled packetsArchitecture of Edge LSRsEdge LSRControl PlaneData PlaneRouting ProtocolLabel Distribution ProtocolLabel Forwarding TableIP Routing TableExchange of routing inationExchange of labelsIncoming labeled packetsOutgoing labeled packetsIP Forwarding TableIncoming IP packetsOutgoing IP packetsMPLS 转发LSR功能 插入(Insert)标签 交换(Swap)标签 删除(Pop)标签MPLS 域MPLS Forwarding FrameModeOn ingress a label is assigned and imposed by the IP routing process. LSRs in the core swap labels based on the contents of the label forwarding table. On egress the label is removed and a routing lookup is used to forward the packet.10.1.1.1路由表 10.0.0.0/8 label 3标签转发表LFIB label 8 label 3路由表 10.0.0.0/8 label 5标签转发表LFIB label 3 label 5路由表 10.0.0.0/8 next hop标签转发表LFIB label 5 pop10.1.1.1310.1.1.1510.1.1.1MPLS 网络IP路由示例LSRControl PlaneData PlaneOSPFRTLIBFIBLFIBOSPF 10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.410.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.410.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.4L5 10.1.1.110.1.1.110.1.1.1LSRControl PlaneData PlaneOSPFRTLIBFIBLFIBOSPF 10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.410.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.410.0.0.0/8 1.2.3.410.1.1.1LDP 10.0.0.0/8, L3L5 10.1.1.110.0.0.0/8 Nexthop L3, Local L5LDP 10.0.0.0/8, L5L3 10.1.1.1L3 10.1.1.1L5 L3, L3MPLS 网络IP路由示例标签的分配和分发过程 IP路由协议构造IP路由表 LSR对路由表中每一目标网段独立地 分配标签 LSR把所分配的标签公告给其他LSR 根据所受到的标签，LSR构建LIB， LFIB和FIB路由表的构建 IP routing protocols are used to build IP routing tables on all LSRs. FIBs are built based on IP routing tables with no labeling ination.ABCDENetwork X分配标签 Every LSR allocates a label for every destination in the IP routing table. Labels have local significance. Label allocations are asynchronous.ABCDENetwork XRouter B assigns label 25 to destination X.ABCDENetwork XRouter B assigns label 25 to destination X.LIB 和 LFIB 的建立LIB and LFIB structures have to be initialized on the LSR allocating the label.Local label is stored in LIB.Outgoing action is pop, as B has received no label for X from C.ABCDENetwork X标签分发 Label DistributionThe allocated label is advertised to all neighbor LSRs, regardless of whether the neighbors are upstream or downstream LSRs for the destination.X 25X 25X 25标签通告的接收(Receiving Label Advertisement ) Every LSR stores the received label in its LIB. Edge LSRs that receive the label from their next-hop also store the label ination in the FIB.X 25X 25ABCDEX 25Network X过渡期的数据传送(Interim Packet Propagation)Forwarded IP packets are labeled only on the path segments where the labels have already been assigned.IP XLab 25IP X查询FIB，给IP包打标签.查询LFIB，删除标签ABCE进一步的标签分配(Further Label Allocation)Every LSR will eventually assign a label for every destinat